DR. Amado A. Angeles

Title: Greenhouse Gas Measurement in Cattle
Presented By: Amado A. Angeles, Ronela Angelika B. Narag, and others from the University of the Philippines Los Baños.
National News Overview:
- PAGASA reports the occurrence of back-to-back cyclones affecting the Philippines in December.
- Mention of four concurrent storm systems in the West Pacific.

Average Temperature Anomalies:
- Data showing global average land-sea temperature anomalies from 1961-1990.
- Observed mean temperature anomalies in the Philippines from 1951-2010.
- An increase of 0.65°C from 1951-2010.
- Rates of temperature increase:
  - 1981-2010: 0.0164°C/year
  - 1951-2010: 0.0108°C/year

Current Research Focus:
- Biological values of feeds and GHG inventory and mitigation projects.
- Projects Include:
  - Feed Ration Formulation Tool (GreenFeed Machine)
  - Rumen Undegradable and Degradable Protein Studies
  - Metabolizable/Net Energy Studies
Partnerships:
- Duration: March 15, 2023 - March 31, 2025, funded by New Zealand's MPI and MFAT.
- Project leadership by Dr. Amado A. Angeles.

Global vs. Philippine GHG Emissions:
- GHG emissions measured in tonnes of CO2 equivalents over 100 years.
- Breakdown includes:
  - Electricity and Heat: 14 billion t (World), 70 million t (Philippines)
  - Agriculture: 12 billion t (World), 12 billion t (Philippines)
  - Transport, Manufacturing, and Waste emissions categorized.
- 2010 GHG Emissions from Agriculture in the Philippines:
  - Total: 144.352 Mt CO2e, with major sources being rice cultivation and enteric fermentation.

Economic Role of Ruminants:
- Large ruminant production is vital for rural development.
Top 10 Cattle Zones in the Philippines:
1. Central Visayas: 242.83 thousand heads
2. CALABARZON
3. Ilocos Region: 244.01
4. Western Visayas
5. Northern Mindanao: 241.7
6. Central Luzon: 338.28
7. SOCCSKSARGEN
8. BARMM: 208.23
9. Cagayan Valley
10. MIMAROPA Region

Buffalo Distribution:
Top regions categorized with Buffalo inventory in thousand heads:
1. Bicol Region: 209.67
2. Western Visayas: 249.99
3. Central Luzon: 322.85
4. Others include CALABARZON and Eastern Visayas.

Greenhouse Gas Measurement Projects Objectives:
- Set-up of methane measurement equipment.
- Develop a Tier 2 GHG inventory for cattle.
- Strengthen capacities in GHG measurement and mitigation strategies, incorporating collaboration with local stakeholders.

Definition and Purpose of GHG Inventories:
- An estimate of GHGs emitted or removed in a calendar year, creating a time series for trend analysis.
Paris Agreement Compliance:
- Countries must submit national GHG inventories every two years for accountability in reduction efforts.
- Philippines NDC (2021):
  - 2030 emission target reductions of 2.7% unconditionally, and 72.3% with international support.

Measurement Approach:
- Current inventory uses IPCC Tier 1 Method: general assumptions that do not account for variations in animal production systems.
Sample Calculations:
- Dairy and non-dairy emissions calculated to demonstrate default emission factors.

Tier 2 Method Overview:
- Refined approach to GHG emission estimations using specific data from local production systems.
Sample Calculations:
- Shows how emissions can vary based on animal classifications for more accurate reporting.

Emissions Comparison Between Tier 1 and Tier 2:
- Historical data trends for enteric fermentation emissions from 1994 to 2023 enabling improved estimations,- focusing on enhanced accuracy of GHG inventories.

Evaluating and determining the Ym (Methane emission factor) based on specific diets for various cattle breeds.
Strengthening methodologies for GHG mitigation.

Focus on Ruminant Diets:
- Overview of top regionally important diets in the Philippines based on results from studies, focusing on composition.
Strengthening GHG Measurement and Mitigation Capacities.

Comparative studies on methane emissions from different diet treatments in the Philippines, showcasing significant differences based on ingredients and feeding strategies.

Collaborative Project Overview:
- A project funded by UC Davis, aiming to develop a ration formulation tool with real-time data on feed efficiency and methane emissions.
- Emphasis on productivity, farmer incomes, and sustainability.

GreenFeed System Functionality:
- Design to accurately measure methane and CO2 from cattle for improved emission tracking and management.

Ongoing Research Projects:
- Focus on various ruminant species, with matrix analysis on dietary impact on methane emissions.

Energy Determination Factors:
- How environmental conditions, digestibility coefficients, and animal factors affect energy availability from diets.

Detailed Methodology for Energy Calculations:
- Collection of samples, adaptation periods, and calculations for gross energy to determine metabolizable energy inputs.

Research Projects Overview:
- GHG Project for inventory improvement, Feed Ration Formulation Tool for efficiency, RUP and RDP studies.
Purpose of optimizing animal performance and production through balanced diets to reduce emissions.