Learning

Learning - Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. remembering something that was presented to you, I remember preamble to the decleration of indipendence etc. A memorization.

Behaviorists - only thing is imporant is important, behavior is cognitive persepective, learning has to do with behavior change. You can learn how to write your name, ride bike etc. You can see someone getting better across time

  1. Classical Conditioning - OG way of looking at learning. Conditioning = learning. Needs natural reflex, dont have to think about it.

    1. Unconditional stimulus - Unlearned, stimulus, something that is not learned. This leads to uncondition, unlearned response. its a reflex, automatically a part of who you are and whats in your DNA. For pavlov, stimulus was food, response was salivating. Food (UCS) → reflex → salivate (UCR).

    2. Unconditional response - Reaction to unconditional stimulus

    3. Conditioned stimulus - bell by Pavlov

  2. Stimulus generalization - if a similair enough stimulus is shown to me, I will respond as well. Ring doorbell in real life, regular doorbell on television, ring door bell AD on telivions, someone knocks on something. Things that are close to the original trained/conditioned stimulus. You dont have any control over this

  3. Stimulus Discrimination - as opposed to generaliation, once a stimulus gets too different we start to have stimulus discriminiaion where brain stops responding if it becomes too different from original stimulus.

  4. Exctinction - whne we stop having contiioned response and it stops occuring. Conditoned response will stop when unconditioned stimulus stops responding to brain, when we take away thing that starts it/needs itll stop responding. Why am I salivating if theres no food present but the bell is still ringing. If you dont want extinctino to occur you should introduce UCS every now and then just so they keep taht idea. Brain is still linked. If you take uncondintioned stimulus for too long, itll erase it

  5. Spontaneous Recovery - When conditoned response comes back out of nowhere, its been extinct but conditoned stimulus gets presented and contioned stimulus repsonse occurs. We dont know why this happens, we htik brain has connections its made, most get broken, but sometimes 1-2 connections are still there, this doesnt always happen but sometimes does.

Discovered by accident by Ivan Pavlov, wokring at same time psychology is starting, Wundt, Freud, Watson, theyre out there being psychologists, but Pavlov was physiologist, was interested in digestive system of dogs and how they would salivate. He would take dogs, into contraptions, one would shoot meat powder into mouth, other would show how much they salivate. At end of day one day, Pavlov looks at dogs, not doing anything, lab assistants come in, bring bowls down for end of day, not meat powder or anything, and notices tube that connects saliva is being filled up with no food present, why are they salivating? Only thing thats changed in dogs enviornment is lab workers have come in and started getting bowls down, dogs must know food is coming even though food isnt there yet. So brain can guess when soemthing is about to happen and prepare for it before it does happen. Introduced neutral stimulus the bell. Plan was to make an association, make brain make connection, Pavlov paired food with the bell, then he gave meat powder, then measure salivation. Eventually the neutral stimulus turned into the conditioned or learned stimulus, was neutral before, but now brain has made connection. When he hears bell, he salivates. Conditioned response and unconditioned response are going to always be the same. Neutral stimulus has to be presented before uncoditioned stimulus. Anything can be classically conditioned as long as reflex is present.

Biological preparedness - built into DNA to keep us alive, this guy got sick so dont take it. All these underneath

Conditioned Emotional Respone (CER)

Smell of lover → kiss → racing heart

Everyone has smell to them, you can determine how long people will stay in a relationship based on how long they like smell of partner.

Smell of lover → racing heart

Doesnt have to come from significant other, can be axe body spray as well.

Other conditioned response

  • Vicarious conditoning - when youre near someone being conditioned, you can get contioned yourself as well.

  • Taste aversion - when we learn not to eat/drink certain thing because its made us sick in the past or close enought to something that has made us sick in the past.