electricity--magnetism-physics

Syllabus Overview

  • Course: Electricity and Magnetism (PHY 102)

  • Max. Marks: 50

  • Internal Assessment: 05

  • Duration: 3 Hours

  • General Note:

    • Divided into 3 units

    • At least two questions from each unit, total five questions to attempt

    • 20% questions are numerical

Unit I: Mathematical Background & Electrostatic Field

1. Mathematical Background

  • Scalars and Vectors:

    • Scalar: Defined by magnitude (e.g., mass, time).

    • Vector: Defined by both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, force).

  • Operations on Vectors:

    • Dot product and cross product, triplet product.

    • Scalar and vector fields, vector differentiation.

    • Key Theorems: Gauss's divergence theorem, Stoke's theorem.

2. Electrostatic Field

  • Electric Field (E): Derived from potential gradient.

  • Electric Flux and Gauss's Law:

    • Applications to charged geometries (spherical shell, infinite plane, wire).

Unit II: Magnetostatics

1. Magnetic Concepts

  • Magnetic Induction (B) & Flux: Defined for surfaces.

  • Gauss's Law for magnetic fields: No magnetic monopoles.

2. Ferromagnetism

  • Langevin Theory: Explains magnetic properties via alignment of atomic dipoles.

  • Hysteresis Loop: Energy dissipation in magnetic materials.

Unit III: Electromagnetic Theory

1. Maxwell's Equations

  • Combination of electric and magnetic theories.

      1. Gauss’s Law, 2. Divergence of B, 3. Faraday's Law, 4. Ampere’s Law.

2. Displacement Current

  • Concept introduced by Maxwell to maintain continuity in changing electric fields.

3. Electromagnetic Waves

  • Poynting Vector: Energy flow per unit area associated with e-m waves.

  • Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Electric Field Strength (E): Force per unit charge.

  • Electric Potential (V): Scalar function from which E can be derived.

  • Magnetic Field Intensity (H): Related to current and magnetic effects.

Theorems & Integrals

  • Gauss's Theorem: Relation between electric flux and enclosed charge.

  • Physical Significance of Integration: Used extensively in calculating fields and potentials.