Romantic 1820-1900

Philosophical Characteristics

-Emphasis on emotion and individualism

-Individual expression

-Passion and heroism

-Appreciation for nature

Musical Characters

-Expressive

-Large scale ensembles and works

-Dramatic

-Harmonic expansion

-Interest in the solo virtuoso musician

Forms

-Opera:more grandiose productions

-Symphony: remained primary vehicle for composers, just more expanded

-Ballet: now a more popular form for composers

-Lied: German solo song

-Solo Piano Music: nocturnes

Nationalism

-Patriotic view of music

-Use of folk melodies

-Connected to national independence movements’s

-Response

Major Composers

-Hector Berlioz 1803-1869

-Felix Mendelssohn 1809-1847

-Fredric Chopin 1810-1849

-Franz Liszt 1811-1886

-Giuseppe Verdi 1813-1901

-Richard Wagner 1818-1883

-Johannes Brahms 1833-1849

-Camille Saint-Saens 1835-1921

-Georges Bizet 1838-1875

-Modest Mussorgsky 1839-1881

-Petter lychee Tchaikovsky 1840-1893

-Anton Dvorak 1841-1904

-Gustav Mahler 1860-1911

-Claude Debussy 1862-1918

-Gustav Holst 1874-1934

-Maurice Ravel 1875-1937

Fredric Chopin 1810-1849

-Polish pianist and composer

-Wrote primarily for solo piano

-A child prodigy

-Moved to Paris at age 21

Career in Pairs

-Only 30 public performances after moving to Paris

-Preferred preforming in the private salon setting ( house parties)

-Made his living primarily through teaching and composing

-Battled with poor health for many years

-Died of tuberculosis at age 39

Playing Style and Selected Works

-Very expensive delicate playing style

-Mazurkas: based on a traditional Polish dance

-Nocturnes: composition inspired by the ight

-Op. 28 No. 7 (prelude)

-Nocturne Op. 9 No.2

Franz Liszt 1811 1886

-Hungarian pianist and composer

-A child prodigy

-Known for his virtuosity

-Very religious and almost became a priest

Lisztomania

-Hysterical reaction of fans to Liszt

-Women there themselves at him

-Similar to dan reactions to Beatles and Bieber

Later Career

-Retired from preforming at age 35

-Focused more on composition and conducting

-Took some Roman Catholic orders but didn’t fully become a priest

Playing style and selected works

-Very flamboyant and dramatic playing style

-Developed piano performance as a theatrical art

-Libestraum No. 3 :Love Dream

-Grenades Etudes De pangani

-Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2