OTAH 250 Adult Rehab Quiz #3 Study Guide

OTAH 250 Adult Rehab Quiz #3 Study Guide

Major Problems Associated with Post-Stroke

  • Major Problems:
    • 1. Motor Impairments:
      • Issues related to voluntary movement, including weakness, spasticity, and coordination deficits.
    • 2. Cognitive Deficits:
      • Difficulties with attention, memory, decision-making, and executive functions.
    • 3. Speech and Language Disorders:
      • Aphasia or dysarthria, affecting communication abilities.
    • 4. Emotional and Behavioral Changes:
      • Depression, anxiety, and personality changes post-stroke.
    • 5. Functional Limitations:
      • Impairment in daily activities such as self-care, work, and leisure.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

  • Purpose of GCS:
    • A neurological scale designed to assess a patient's level of consciousness.
  • Components of GCS:
    • Eye Opening (E):
    • 4: Spontaneous
    • 3: To speech
    • 2: To pain
    • 1: None
    • Verbal Response (V):
    • 5: Oriented
    • 4: Confused conversation
    • 3: Inappropriate words
    • 2: Incomprehensible sounds
    • 1: None
    • Motor Response (M):
    • 6: Obeys commands
    • 5: Localizes pain
    • 4: Withdraws from pain
    • 3: Abnormal flexion
    • 2: Abnormal extension
    • 1: None
  • Scoring:
    • Total scores range from 3 (deep coma or death) to 15 (fully awake).

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

  • Definition of CIMT:
    • A rehabilitation approach designed to enhance function in the affected limb after a stroke by restricting the movement of the unaffected limb.
  • Mechanism:
    • Encourages the use of the affected limb, promoting brain reorganization and plasticity through intensive practice and engagement.

Spinal Cord Injury Classification (ASIS Scale)

  • ASIS Classification:
    • A system used to classify the severity of spinal cord injuries.
  • Categories:
    • A: Complete injury; no sensory or motor function below the injury level.
    • B: Incomplete injury; sensory but no motor function below the injury level.
    • C: Incomplete injury; some motor function preserved below the injury level, but more than half of key muscles below the injury have a muscle grade less than 3.
    • D: Incomplete injury; some motor function preserved below the injury level, with at least half of key muscles below the injury having a muscle grade of 3 or more.
    • E: Normal, when there is normal sensory and motor function.

Cervical Nerve and Vertebrae Count

  • Cervical Nerves vs. Vertebrae:
    • There are 8 cervical nerves (C1-C8) but only 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7).
  • Significance:
    • The first cervical nerve (C1) exits above the first vertebra, leading to the naming anomaly, which is crucial in clinical assessments and formulating treatment strategies for cervical spinal injuries.

Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLAS) Levels I to VIII

  • Level I: No Response
    • Patient is unresponsive to stimuli.
  • Level II: Generalized Response
    • Patient reacts inconsistently to stimuli.
  • Level III: Localized Response
    • Patient shows a specific response to stimulus.
  • Level IV: Confused/Agitated
    • Patient is confused and agitated, may exhibit aggressive behavior.
  • Level V: Confused/Inappropriate
    • Patient is confused, gives inappropriate responses, and can follow simple commands.
  • Level VI: Confused/Appropriate
    • Patient is confused, but responses are appropriate and can follow simple instructions.
  • Level VII: Automatic/Appropriate
    • Patient is oriented but lacks insight into their condition, may complete daily routines automatically.
  • Level VIII: Purposeful/Appropriate
    • Patient is functioning at a higher level, capable of purposefully responding and showing insight and judgment.

Brain Plasticity

  • Definition of Brain Plasticity:
    • The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
  • Importance:
    • Essential for recovery and rehabilitation after injury, allowing the brain to adapt to new functions and recover lost skills.

Tenodesis

  • Definition of Tenodesis:
    • A functional movement in which a passive motion results from tension across muscles when a joint position is changed.
  • Functional Significance:
    • Important in individuals with spinal cord injuries, especially when grasping, as contraction and extension of wrist and finger movements can facilitate gripping without active finger flexion or extension.