Overview

Lec. 2,3,6

1- bones

2- muscles of mastication

3- TMJ

4-muscles of face

5-muscles of neck?

6- blood vessels

lec. 1

  • 8-Cranial Bones- Support the brain and “cranium”

    • Ethmoid bone-1

    • frontal bone-1

    • Occipital bone-1

    • Parietal bone-2

    • sphenoid bone-1

    • temporal bones-2

  • 14-Facial Bones- support structures of the face

    • Inf. nasal conchae- 2

    • lacrimal bones-2

    • mandible-1

    • maxillae-2

    • vomer-1

    • Zygomatic bone-2

Cranial Bones

  1. Frontal bone

    1. coronal suture

    2. supraorbital foramen

  2. Ethmoid Bone

    1. Cribriform plate holds olfactory bulb and basically helps with smelling

  3. Sphenoid bone

    1. Sella Turcica- holds the pituitary gland

  4. Parietal Bone

    1. Sagittal suture

  5. Occipital Bones

    1. Lamboid Suture

    2. Foramen magnum- spinal cord

  6. Temporal Bones

    1. Zygomatic process

    2. mandibular fossa

    3. auditory meatus

    4. Mastoid process

    5. Styloid process

      Zebras (Zygomatic Process) Master (Mastoid process) Stairs(styloid process) after (auditory meatus) meals (mandibular fossa)

Facial Bones:

  1. Nasal

  2. Lacrimal

  3. Zygomatic

  4. Inferior Nasal Concha

  5. Vomer

  6. Maxilla

    1. Frontal Process of maxilla (near bridge of nose)

    2. Body of maxilla (biggest spot of maxilla- cheek)

    3. Alveolar process of maxilla (holds teeth in place, alveolar bone)

    4. Canine Fossa (notch above canine)

    5. Zygomatic process of maxilla

    6. Median Palatine suture- connects both maxillae bones

    7. Maxillary tuberosity- back after molars, can feel with tongue

    8. Incisive Foramen- big hold behind incisors

  7. Mandible

    1. Coronoid process-

    2. Mandibular notch

    3. Mandibular Condyle

    4. TMJ- joint that is located

    5. Angle of mandible- corner of angle of jaw

    6. Coronoid notch

    7. Outline of mental symphasis

    8. mental protuberance- chin

    9. Ramus- body of mandible

    10. Mental foramen

    11. neck- underneath Condyle like a legit neck

    12. Mandibular foramen

  8. Zygoma

    1. Temporal process of zygomatic bone

    2. Frontal process of zygomatic bone

    3. Maxillary process of zygomatic bone

    4. Lateral orbital

    5. Infraorbital rim

  9. Sphenoid

    1. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

    2. Lateral pterygoid plate

    3. Pterygoid fossa

    4. Medial pterygoid plate

    5. Pterygoid process (2,3,4)

    6. Foramen Rotundum-V2-Maxillary

    7. Foramen Ovale-V3-Mandibular

  10. Temporal Fossa

  11. Infratemporal Fossa

    1. Infratemporal Fossa (next to lateral pterygoid wall, and on the greater wing but the shadowed part)

    2. Contains the Mandibular division V3 of trigeminal which enters through FORAMEN OVALE

      1. contains the PTERYGOID PLEXUS and PTERYGOID MUSCLES

  12. pterygopalatine fossa- Next to the Infratemporal Fossa laterally

    1. Contains Maxillary artery

    2. Max. devision V2

    3. enters through Foramen ROTUNDUM

  13. Pterygoid fossa- between the lateral and medial pterygoid plate

Bones with Sinuses

  • FEMS have sinuses

  • Frontal, Ethmoid, Maxilla, Sphenoid


  1. Palatine (not shown)

  • Facial bones that form oral cavity or support teeth

    • Maxilla

    • Palatine

    • Mandible


Lec. 2- Muscles of Mastication

  • Origin- fixed attachment, does not move

  • Insertion- moveable attachment

  • the muscles of mastication will have differing origins, but all insert somewhere on the mandible.

chewing muscles

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial Pterygoid

Lateral Pterygoid

Origin

temporalis bones

zygomatic arch

pterygoid fossa of sphenoid bone

  • superior head- greater wing of sphenoid

  • inferior head- lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid

Insertion

coronoid process of mandible

Angle and ramus of mandible

angle of mandible (medial aspect)

pterygoid fovea of mandible

Action

elevate mandible, retract mandible

elevate mandible

elevate mandible

elevate mandible, protrude mandible

***Complex action- lateral shift of mandible= temporalis (retraction) + Lateral Pterygoid (protrusion)

objectives

  1. Identify the bones to which the muscles of mastication attach and the corresponding locations of muscle origin and insertion.

  2. Identify the four primary muscles of mastication according to action and movement of mandible.

Lec. 3- TMJ

  • TMJ- a joint on each side of the head that allows for movement of the mandible for mastication, speech, and respiration

  • Joint- site of junction or union between 2 or more bones

  • TMJ has sensory innervation of auriculotemporal and masseteric branches of the V3

  • Blood supply- from external carotid artery, predominantly the superficial temporal branch. The VENOUS return is by the superficial, temporal, maxillary, and pterygoid plexus of veins.

    • Lymph- drained into superior deep cervical nodes

  • 3 ligaments

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

  • 2 jaw movements

    • Gliding (sliding)

    • Rotational (hinge)






Lec. 4- muscles of facial expression

objective: Recognize the muscles of facial expression according to general effect, such as raising or lowering, and opening or closing. More specific muscle actions included are that of moving a bolus of food, pursing the lips, and raising the lower anterior vestibule.

Terminology

Term-

Levator

Depressor

Major

Minor

Superioris

Inferioris

Orbicularis

Meaning-

Raises

Lowers

Larger

Smaller

Superior

Inferior

Encircles

Facial Muscles

  1. Epicranial (Occipitofrontalis)- raises forehead, pulls scalp backward; surprise

    1. Origin- Frontal belly or frontalis muscle: epicranial aponeurosis. Occipital belly or Occipital and temporal bones

    2. insertion- Frontal belly or frontalis muscle; eyebrow and root of nose. Occipital belly or occipitalis muscle; epicranial aponeurosis

  2. Orbicularis Oculi- closes eyelid; squinting

    1. Origin-Orbital rim, frontal bone, and maxilla

    2. insertion-Lateral Canthus area, some encircle eye

  3. Corrugator supercilii- draws eyebrows medially; frowning

    1. Origin-

    2. insertion

  4. Orbicularis Oris- closes or purses lips; closing lips

    1. Origin- Vermilion zone fibers; encircles mouth

      s, Non-vermilion zone fibers: cross the midline

    2. insertion- Labial commissure; diffusely in the lip or nose

  5. Buccinator- moves “bolus” of food; assist chewing

    1. Origin-Maxilla, mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe

    2. insertion- Labial commissure

  6. Risorius- smile widely; opening; stretching lips

    1. Origin-Fascia superficial to masseter muscle

    2. insertion- Labial commissure

  7. Levator Labii Superioris- raises upper lip

    1. Origin- Maxilla

    2. insertion-Upper lip

  8. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi- raises upper lip and widens nostril

    1. Origin- Maxilla

    2. insertion- Ala of nose and upper lip

  9. Zygomaticus Major- Draws cheek back and corner of mouth open; smiling

    1. Origin-Zygomatic bone

    2. insertion- Labial Commissure

  10. Zygomaticus minor- Raises upper lip

    1. Origin- zygomatic bone

    2. insertion- upper lip

  11. Levator Anguli Oris- raises angle of mouth; smiling

    1. Origin-Maxilla

    2. insertion- Labial commissure

  12. Depressor anguli oris- lowers angle of mouth; frowning

    1. Origin-mandible

    2. insertion- labial commissure

  13. Depressor labii inferioris- lowers lower lip

    1. Origin- Mandible

    2. insertion- Lower Lip

  14. mentalis- raises chin, protrudes lower lip, and decreases the depth of lower vestibule

    1. Origin- Mandible

    2. insertion- Chin

  15. Platysma- Raises skin of neck and lowers corner of mouth; grimacing

    1. Origin- Clavicle and shoulder

    2. insertion- Mandible and muscles of the mouth


Lec. 5- Muscles of Neck and Tongue

  • Hyoid Bone- attachment site of many muscles of the neck

    • Does not articulate with other bones

    • forms base of tongue and larynx

    • Mobility of hyoid allows-

      • Mastication

      • swallowing

      • speech

    • Location

      • superior and anterior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

      • typically at level of third cervical vertebrae, but is raised during swallowing

  • Suprahyoid muscles

    • Functions:

      • Swallowing: elevation of hyoid bone and larynx

      • Jaw opening: depression of mandible

    • Suprahyoid muscles of the neck

      • Mylohyoid-

      • Stylohyoid-

      • Geniohyoid-

      • Digastric-

        • Anterior belly-

        • posterior belly-

          • origin- mastoid notch

    • Infrahyoid Muscles of the neck

      • Sternothyroid

      • Thyrohyoid

      • Sternohyoid

      • Omohyoid- shoulder to hyoid

        • Superior belly:

          • insertion at hyoid bone

        • Inferior belly:

          • Origin-scapula

      • FUNCTION:

        • Depression of Hyoid Bone- can indirectly cause the jaw to open if the muscles of mastication allow it.

    • Muscles of the Neck

      • Sternocleidomastoid

        • Major muscular landmark- will serve to locate lymph nodes

        • Origin: sternum and clavicle

        • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

        • Function:

          • One SCM contracts: head tips to same side; face turns away

          • Both SCM contracts: head tips up and back

      • Trapezius

        • Origin: occipital bone and cervical and thoracic midline

        • Insertion: Clavicle-lateral third and scapula

        • Action: shrug your shoulder; lifts clavicle and scapula

    • Process of Swallowing-steps

      1. Voluntary positioning of food

        1. tongue pushes food back to oropharynx

        2. Suprahyoid muscles elevate hyoid

        3. Palatopharyngeal muscles close to form bolus

      2. Involuntary phase

        1. Soft palate elevated blocking nasopharynx

        2. Larynx elevated and closed (airway)

        3. Pharyngeal constructor muscles sequentially contract

      3. MUSCLES OF SWALLOWING

        1. Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

          • Action: raise the pharynx and larynx to help move food down esophagus

    • Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

      • Superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal

        • Shorten, thicken, curl

      • Transverse and Vertical

        • Lengthen and narrow

    • Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

      • Genioglossus- protrudes and partially depresses tnogue

      • Styloglossus- retracts

      • Hyoglossus- depresses

    • Anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars

      • Anterior faucial pillar- palatoglossus (glosso bc its closer to the tongue)

        • function: separates oral cavity from the pharynx

      • posterior faucial pillar- palatopharyngeus (closer to the pharynx)

        • function: pulls tongue and soft palate together to separate oral cavity from pharynx

        • closes nasopharynx during swallowing




Lec. 6 Blood vessels

Common origins of blood supply to max. and mand. areas

  1. heart

  2. aorta

  3. (if right side) brachiocephalic artery

  4. common carotid artery

  5. external carotid artery

Blood supply to:

  1. Lingual Mucosa (of teeth), tongue, and floor of mouth

    A. Heart

    B. Aorta

    C. (if right side) brachiocephalic artery

    D. Common Carotid Artery

    E. External Carotid Artery

    F. Lingual Artery (to tongue and floor of mouth)

    G. Sublingual Artery

    H. Branches to lingual gingiva

  2. Mandibular Posterior Periodontium

    A. -E.

    F. Maxillary Artery (all teeth are served