L3 - Spanish conquest (updated vr.)

Page 2: Reasons for the Spanish invasion

Spain invaded the Philippines in the 15th century and reigned for 333 years.
Three main reasons for the invasion:
- The Philippines became Catholic through Spain.
- The Philippines adopted new and advanced culture from Europe and Mexico.
- The Philippines lost its freedom or independence for the first time.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese in the service of the Spanish crown, was looking for a westward route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia.
On March 16, 1521, Magellan's expedition landed on Homonhon island in the Philippines, becoming the first European to reach the islands.
Rajah Humabon of Cebu embraced Christianity, while their enemy, Lapu-Lapu, did not.
Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu into Christianity, but Lapu-Lapu resisted.
On April 27, 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan and was killed by the natives led by Lapu-Lapu.
Only one ship (the Victoria) and 18 men returned to Spain out of the five ships and more than 300 men who left on the Magellan expedition.
The expedition marked the first circumnavigation of the globe and proved that the world was round.
Juan Sebastian de Elcano took over the command of the expedition after Magellan's death and captained the ship "Victoria" back to Spain.
It took 16 more months for Elcano to return to Spain, completing the three-year voyage.

After celebrating Elcano's return, King Charles I decided that Spain should conquer the Philippines.
Five subsequent expeditions were sent to the islands, but only the last two actually reached the Philippines.
Miguel Lopez Legazpi succeeded in colonizing the islands.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos set sail for the Philippines from Navidad, Mexico on November 1, 1542.
He followed the route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543.
Villalobos named the country "Islas Filipinas" in honor of King Charles' son, Prince Philip.

King Charles I stopped sending colonizers to the Philippines after the previous expeditions failed.
Philip II instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of Mexico, to prepare a new expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
On February 13, 1565, Legazpi's expedition landed in Cebu island and proceeded to Leyte, Camiguin, and Bohol.
Legazpi obtained spices and gold in Bohol and returned to Cebu to establish a settlement.
2,100 men arrived from Mexico on orders of King Philip II and built the port of Fuerza de San Pedro in Cebu.
Martin de Goiti led an expedition of 300 men to Manila, conquering the city with the help of alliances and battles.
Legazpi built alliances and proclaimed Intramuros as the seat of government and capital of the islands.
Legazpi died in 1572 and Manila was bestowed the title "Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de España" by King Philip II.

The barangays were scattered and not united by an integrative political or religious system
- Only Mindanao and Sulu were not conquered due to religious reasons

Willingness to cooperate with the Spaniards
- Manifested by numerous blood compacts and treaties of friendship between Filipinos and Spaniards

Filipino insurgents captured a muzzle-loading cannon from Spanish forces
Brought to their trenches near Fort San Antonio de Abad in Malate, Manila in 1898
Just before American forces occupied Manila

Montage of old photos of Malacañang Palace from the late 1800s to early 1900s
The mansion was the Spanish Governor General's residence during the Spanish times
The buildings on the compound have undergone many renovations and extensions
Malacañang Palace has been the official residence of the president of the Republic of the Philippines since 1937

Spanish Captain-General Basilio Augustin became Governor of the Philippines on April 11, 1898
Spain declared war on the United States on April 23, 1898
Spain lost the Spanish American War, which ended in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898

Luneta was the promenade of choice during the Spanish era
The Governor-General with his entourage, the elite, and the masses would come in the afternoons and early evening to get some fresh air and watch the Spanish military band play
Luneta was also the place where special events were held, including celebrations, parades, and executions