Basketball

Basketball (Officiating)

Dr. James Naismith 

is known worldwide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay Township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. 

And the one who gave the first 13) thirteen Rules in basketball. 


Facilities and Equipment


1. The Court 

-The basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor with tiles at either end. In professional or organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually made out of wood, often maple, and highly polished. Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt.

- The measurement of the court is 28 meters in length and 15 meters in width.



2. The Ball

- The circumference of the ball is 74.9-78 cm

The weight of the ball is 567-650 grams. 


3. The Rim/Goal

- A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard






Officials:


  1.  Two (2) Referees

A. Lead Referee

  • He stays close to the players in control of the ball.

  • Positions himself near the goal most of the time.

  • Takes care of the jump ball situation.

  • He follows the player in control of the goal  


B. Trail Referee (2)

  • Who stays a bit farther than the lead referee.

  • Is in the opposite direction, usually behind the players.

  • Observe the movements of the other players

  • Whistles if the ball goes out of bounds near his area of responsibility.

  • He also calls foul when he sees one

  • Calls for a turnover if a player of a team in control of the ball stays inside the restricted area for three (3) seconds.


2. Scorer

  • He accepts and records the list of players

  • He lists down the names of the first five players.

  • He records the scores, the fouls, and the substitutions

  • He announces the team fouls  

  • He records time outs

  • He announces the results when the game is finished

  • He asks the coaches and referees to sign the score sheet


3. Timekeeper

  • He gives the signal for the start of the game

  • He starts the clock when the ball is thrown in and 

  • touched by another player on the court

  • He stops the clock when the referee whistles

  • He announces the remaining time

  • He signals the end of the game and stops the clock


The difference between Foul and Violation


Foul

- Are the acts of making “illegal” physical contact with a player while the ball is in play or actions (acting out like you are going to hit another player but you don’t) or even extreme abusive yelling or cussing (technical foul)


Violation

- These are actions by players that break a basketball rule – such as traveling, stepping on the line, and backcourt.


Types of Personal Fouls:


  1. Holding Foul 

– A “Holding Foul” occurs when a defender holds, grabs, or pulls an offensive player (it doesn’t matter if the offensive player has possession of the ball or not).


2. Pushing Foul 

– A “Pushing Foul” occurs when a defender pushes an offensive player or bumps into the body of an offensive player.


3. Illegal Use of Hands Foul 

– This is a foul called when a defender slaps, hacks, or smacks an offensive player with the ball.


4. Blocking Foul 

– A “Blocking Foul” occurs when a defender uses their body and makes contact with an offensive player with the ball.


5. Charging Foul (Charge) / Player Control Foul 

– A “Charging Foul” occurs when an offensive player runs into (or over) a defensive player who already has a position (the defender must first establish position). Other types of player control fouls are when a dribbler uses an elbow and hits a defender.


6. Flagrant Foul 

– A foul that is made with “extreme” contact (violent in nature), and appears to be in an “intentional” manner to hurt or injure a player (bumping, elbowing, kicking, pushing)


7. Technical Foul 

– Fouls of unsportsmanlike conduct and/or non-game violations that referees feel are affecting the game. Misconduct of coaches, players, and spectators can also draw a technical foul if a referee feels it is necessary to keep the game under control. The penalty for a technical foul is usually one free throw and possession of the ball after the free throw is taken (made or missed)


Violations:


  1. 3  seconds violation

- A player of a team in ball possession stays for three seconds inside the restricted area.


  1. 5 seconds violation

- A player is unable to pass the ball and is frozen for five seconds.


  1. 8 sec./10 sec.

- The team in control of the ball did not cross the center line in 8 seconds.


4. 24 sec./30 sec. violation

- Failure to attempt to shoot the ball in 24 sec./30 sec.


5. 5 sec. violation

- In a throw-in, the players fail to throw the ball in 5 sec.


  1. Double dribble

- Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up and then dribbling again.


  1. Traveling/Walking 

- taking more than “a step and a half” without dribbling the ball or moving your pivot foot once you’ve stopped dribbling. 


8. Carrying/Palming

- When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or even under the ball.


9. Goal Tending

- If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it’s on the way down toward the basket.


Officials’ Protocol


When a foul occurs, the official is required by the rules to:


  1. Signal the timer to stop the clock and show the nature of the foul.

  2. Designate the offender to the scorer.

  3. Use his or her fingers to indicate the number of the player and the nature of the foul


When a team is entitled to a throw-in:


  1. Signal what caused the ball to become dead.

  2. Indicate the throw–in spot.

  3. Designate the team entitled to throw.



Basketball Terminologies

  1. Offense - The team that is in possession of the ball and with a chance to score. 


  1. Defense - The team without the ball; is the team that is guarding another team to prevent them from scoring. 



3. Free throw (foul shot) - A shot that is worth 1 point. A shot taken from the foul line after the opponent committed a technical foul or a personal foul. 


4. Dunk

 - A shot where the player aggressively jumps and reaches the rim to score. 


5. Three-point shot

 - A shot thrown beyond the arc; a shot that is worth 3 points. 


6. Rebound 

 - An action made by a player to grab the ball bouncing off the rim or the backboard. It is usually made after a player makes a shot. 

7. Block 

- An act where a defensive player touches a part of the ball on its way to the basket, thus preventing a field goal. 


8. Shot clock 

 - A time limit given to the offensive team to shoot the ball. 


9. Jump ball 

- Where 2 players jump and try to tap the ball tossed by an official in between them. This is used during the start of the game (tip-off), to start the overtime period or to reset the play.