forensic sci midterm

1.  What is the difference between the Frye standard and the Daubert standard for scientific evidence?

2. What is chain-of-custody? What does it do?

3. What is the purpose of the crime-scene search?

   1. What are some crime-scene search strategies?

4. What things must be included in a crime scene sketch?

5. How should crime scene photographs be taken?

6. What can be used to make an identification of a deceased individual?

7. Cause of death vs. Manner of death vs. Mechanism of death

   1. What are the different manners of death?

8. Autolysis and Putrefaction

   1. Rigor, Algor, and Livor mortis

   2. PMI or post-mortem interval

9. What is an expert witness?

10. Locard’s exchange principle

11. 4th and 5th amendment and how those relate to forensic science

12. What is forensic anthropology?

    1. The biological profile?

13. What is forensic entomology?

    1. What types of insects are most relevant forensically

    2. What is an instar

14. Bloodstain pattern analysis

    1. Different patterns you may expect and what type of activity leads to those patterns

    2. Qualities of blood

15. Forensic serology

    1. Agglutination

    2. Presumptive tests

    3. Confirmatory tests

    4. Antibodies

    5. Antigens

    6. Plasma, serum, 

    7. Other important body fluids

    8. ABO system

16. Genetics

    1. DNA

    2. Genes

    3. CODIS

    4. Chromosomes

    5. Allele

    6. Antibodies

    7. Nitrogenous bases/base pairs

    8. PCR

    9. STR

    10. Gel electrophoresis

Example Questions:

1. What is the examination of bodily fluids called?

   1. Forensic anthropology

   2. Toxicology

   3. Pathology

   4. Forensic Serology
      
      

2. When sketching a crime scene, it must contain:

   1. Time and Date

   2. Case number

   3. Directions

   4. All of the above
      
      

3. In a crime scene, physical evidence is governed by what principle?

   1. Class evidence

   2. Locard’s exchange principle

   3. Contamination principle

   4. Collective
      
      

4. Which is not a manner of death?

   1. Chemical 

   2. Natural

   3. Homicidal

   4. Accidental

5. A ________ search can be done alone or with others and is great in large outdoor settings

   1. Zone search

   2. Grid search

   3. Lane/strip search

   4. Spiral search

6. The second most common bodily fluid encountered at crime scenes is blood. 

   1. True

   2. False
      
      

7. Blood can be difficult to find or identify on dark surfaces once it’s dried. What is a method of visualizing hard to see bloodstains?

   1. Precipitin test

   2. Kastle-meyer test

   3. Hemastix

   4. Luminol

8. What are antibodies made by?

   1. Red blood cells

   2. White blood cells

   3. Immune cells

   4. None of the above
      
      

9. Contamination is what appears on the scene after a crime is committed. 

   1. True

   2. False

10. The process of a corpse’s muscles stiffening is called…

    1. Livor mortis

    2. Autolysis

    3. Rigor mortis

    4. Algor mortis
       
       

11. How many sections of forensic science are recognized by the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS)?

    1. 8

    2. 4

    3. 11

    4. 20
       
       

12. The life stage of insects on the body can tell scientists how long someone has been dead.

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

13. The first insect seen on a corpse is typically…

    1. Blow flies

    2. Flesh flies

    3. House flies

    4. Dermestid beetles
       
       

14. The study of bones is called archaeology

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

15. When sketching the crime scene the arrow indicates the blood’s traveling direction.

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

16. Notes, forms, sketches, and _________ are the most common ways to document a crime scene. 

    1. Photographs

    2. Maps

    3. 3D models

    4. Video

17. Medical examiners are the first to arrive at a crime scene.

    1. True

    2. False

18. The narrow end of an elongated blood stains points toward:

    1. The source of the blood

    2. The direction of travel

    3. The weapon used

    4. The area of convergence
       
       

19. During the stages of decomposition, _________ is considered to be the longest stage.

    1. Autolysis

    2. Putrefaction

    3. Liquifaction

    4. Skeletonization
       
       

20. There are three types of blood stains: impact, passive, and transfer. What are the characteristics of transfer stains?

    1. Wipes, smears, shoeprints

    2. Near perfect circles

    3. Elongated 

    4. It's all random

21. Inductive reasoning is to draw logical conclusions from the facts.

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

22. Which of the following can affect blood spatter patterns?

    1. Surface texture

    2. Angle of impact

    3. Force applied

    4. All of the above
       
       

23. Blood that falls from exactly 90 degrees will form an oval-shaped blood droplet

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

24. What should the first officer (FO) do when they arrive at a crime scene?

    1. Acquire medical assistance

    2. Ensure possible witnesses are detained

    3. Secure the crime scene and call additional personnel

    4. All of the above
       
       

25. Which is not an example of individual evidence?

    1. DNA

    2. Hair with the follice

    3. Fingerprints

    4. Paint chips
       
       

26. The subdisciplines of anthropology are cultural, linguistic, biological, and archaeology.

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

27. Locard’s exchange principle states that “every contact leaves a trace.”

    1. True

    2. False
       
       

28. Which of the following is a nitrogenous base?

    1. Transcription

    2. Genome

    3. mRNA

    4. Guanine
       
       

29. Which nitrogenous base would pair with Adenine?

    1. Cytosine 

    2. Thymine

    3. Guanine

    4. None of the above