Mimetic Critical Theory	REALITIES realities of life situations that may happen in real life
Affective Critical Theory	EMOTIONS examples are: poem about loss or grief, and love letters feel emotions
Expressive Critical Theory	VENTING ONE’S EXPERIENCES “writers’ presence” is present in every writing or literature writer vents experiences
Objective Critical Theory	CONVENTIONS see literature as a piece of writing see the different elements examples are: misuse of grammar, and syllables

Pre-Colonial Period	oral literature (folktales, legends, etc.) Philippine Literature evolved even before Colonial periods folktales, epics, poems, marathon chants existed in most Ethno Linguistic groups that were passed on from generation to generation
Spanish Period	Spain colonized Philippines for more than 3 centuries (1565-1898) (333 years) Filipinos embraced the Catholic Religion, changed names (1st: Reyna Amihan to Reyna Juana), and were baptized Fiestas are celebrated to honor saints, popes, and governors due to the long period of colonization, this powerful country contributed much in shaping the Philippine history and literature they burned our literature as they believed those were demonic other Spanish traditions that Filipinos still practice today: Fiestas, Siesta, Pag mamano, etc. 1st Spanish Governor in the Philippines: Miguel Lopez De Legaspi The 1st books Ang Doctrina Christiana (The Christian Doctrine) Nuestra Senora del Rosario Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog) Ang Barlaan at Josephat The passion Urbana at Felisa Ang mga dalit Kay Maria (Psalms for Mary) Spanish Influences on the Philippine Literature ALIBATA Christian Doctrine Spanish language became the literary language this time European legends and traditions Ancient literature was collected and translated to tagalog Grammar book were printed in Filipino Religious Tone History Moro moro dance earliest form of theatre performing in the Philippines. 1650 when entertaining their visitors. based off of two poems, (awit and corrido). spread around 1610 Zarzuela Spanish music which combines parts to play only with instruments and parts to play with instruments and to sing. sometimes musicians (actors) speak. Senakulo lenten play depicting the life, suffering and death of Christ from the word "cenaculo" meaning cenacle › room where the last supper took place. takes at least 8 nights uses both songs and recitations now is the modern drama for adapted in 1993 by the PAKITAMO; title of play: “Ang Tagapagligtas” (about the Passion of Christ)
American Period	Literature (Contents) Desire for freedom Love for country Fight against colonialism and imperialism Characterized by: Nationalism freedom of speech Experience search for and use of new media (U.S.S Thomas —> 1,000 nuns or Thomasites) Historical Background PH independence PH-American Conflicts 1900s - Peace Movements American Influences Schools New education system Cleanliness and hygiene English language Politics Freedom of speech 3 Groups of Writers Spanish English Filipino Writers in Spanish Wrote to honor Rizal Accustomed to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes Writers in English The period of re-orientation: 1898-1910 shift from spanish to english The period of imitation: 1910-1925 copy themes, ways american writers write The period of self-discovery: 1925-1941 re learn and discover Writers in Tagalog Continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue Influential People during the American Period Jose Garcia Villa National artist of the PH for literature in 1973 Introduced reversed consonance rhyme scheme and extensive use of punctuation in poetry Comma poet Pen name - Doveglion Nick Joaquin May Day Eve (1947) The Woman Who Had Two Novels (1961) A Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino (1966) Summer Solstice (1972)
Japanese Period	Historical Background PH Lit was given a break during this period Topics in literature focused on life in the provinces Filipino Poetry during the Period Common themes of poems: Nationalism, country, love and life in the barrios, faith, religion and arts Filipino Drama Movie houses showing american movies were closed Movie houses to show stage shows Plays translated from english to tagalog Jose Ma. Hernandez - Panday Pira Clodauldo Filipino Short Story Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos
Period of Rebirth
Revolutionary Period	Apo on the Wall by Bj Patino

21st literature