Week 4 EDUC 60 (1)

Foundation of Education: The Relationship Between School and Education

  • Educational Context: Understanding how schools serve as microcosms for societal values and needs.

Table of Contents

  1. Education in Primitive Society

  2. The History of the Philippine Educational System

  3. The Varied Goals of Education in Different Historical Periods of Philippine History

  4. The Importance of Studying History of Education

Education Reflecting Society

  • Schools are a reflection of societal values.

  • Education addresses cultural, social, and economic needs, preparing individuals for participation in society.

Education and Society

American Period

  • Schools were established to promote democracy and civic responsibility.

Post-World War II

  • Education shifted towards reconstructing society after the war.

Present Day

  • Focus has shifted to global competitiveness and digital literacy.

Citizenship and Education

  • Schools teach civic responsibilities and encourage active participation in society.

  • They serve as incubators for societal values and norms.

Education as an Agent of Social Change

  • Educational institutions respond to societal shifts and foster innovation and critical thinking.

  • Education promotes social reform.

Influence of Societal Changes on Education

  • Political movements often drive educational reforms.

  • Economic needs shape curriculum development.

  • Technological advancements continually reshape teaching methods.

Spanish Era of Education

  • Education was primarily controlled by the Catholic Church, focusing on religious instruction which reinforced colonial authority and social hierarchy.

American Era of Education

  • Introduction of the public school system that emphasized democratic values and civic duty, with English established as the medium of instruction.

Primitive Society Education

  • Informal education focused on survival skills, values, and traditions prominently delivered through oral traditions.

Key Features of Early Educational Systems

  • Learning occurred through observation and imitation, emphasizing communal values and cultural norms.

Indigenous Educational Practices in the Philippines

  • Elders impart essential life skills and cultural knowledge through oral traditions and rituals, preserving history and cultural identity.

Ancient Civilizations Influence on Education

  • Mesopotamia: Focused on literacy and training scribes.

  • Egypt: Emphasized religious education and preparation for the afterlife.

  • Greece: Valued philosophy, democracy, and rhetoric.

  • Rome: Aimed at preparation for military and civic life.

Pre-Colonial Education in the Philippines

  • Babaylans served as educators promoting spiritual and cultural values, stressing practical skills within a community-based learning framework.

Spanish Colonization and Education

  • Education efforts were directed towards converting Filipinos to Christianity with most educational access limited to the elite.

American Colonization and Education

  • Establishment of the public school system along with institutions for teacher training.

Post-War Educational Developments

  • Focus laid on literacy improvement, vocational training, and the introduction of comprehensive educational programs such as K-12.

Importance of Studying History of Education

  • Understanding past educational practices can illuminate current inequities and inform future reforms.

  • Historical insights help to analyze the transitions in educational priorities across different eras.

Educational Impact on National Identity

  • Education plays a significant role in fostering national identity and social cohesion, addressing economic challenges, and contributing to development.