Unit 5: Topic 2 - NATIONALISM and REVOLUTIONS

Unit 5: Topic 2 - NATIONALISM and REVOLUTIONS

Cause of Revolution

  • Nationalism - unity

    • Russians making everyone speak Russian - authority of state

  • Political Discontent

    • rejection of authority

    • resistance to taxes in Safavid Empire —> wearing state —> end of state due to outside invaders

    • Wahhabi movement - reforms of Islamic corruption & other problems —> end of Ottoman empire

  • New Ways of Thinking

    • popular sovereignty - gov power at the hand of the people

    • democracy - people have right to vote & influence policies of gov

    • liberalism - protection of civil rights, private property, gov representation, economic freedom

The Atlantic Revolutions

  • American Revolution (1776)

    • British 13 colonies on Atlantic coast developed independent culture, gov, econ

    • British tries to get revenue from America bc of 7 yr wear debt

      • taxes, curtailment of freedoms, enlightenment principles

    • Declaration of Independence

    • w/ help from the French America was born

    • inspired many other successful overthrow of oppressive power

  • French Revolution (1789)

    • returned from American revolution with democratic ideas

    • Louis XIII tries to tighten control & pay war debt —> revolt

    • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

  • Haitian Revolution (1791)

    • colonial property of France

    • inspired by French revolution

    • revolt led by Toussaint Louverture

  • Latin American Revolutions

    • Spanish & Portuguese colonial resentment (inspired by enlightenment ideas)

    • Creoles class (European heritage by born in colonies) disdain for Peninsulares (European born - moved to colonies) powers

    • 1808 Napoleon invasion of Spain & deposition of Portuguese monarch —> political instability

    • Simon Bolivar - Letter From Jamaica

Other Nationalist Movements

  • Propaganda Movement in Philippines

    • Spanish colony

      • control of education

      • only rich creoles & mestizos got university edu

    • Filipinos intellects spread the ideas they learned

    • attempts to suppress the movement by the Spanish was faced with the Filipino Revolution

  • Unification of Italy & Germany

    • use to be made up of fragmented states

    • nationalism = unification under