Biology Diversity: Module 3

formal→monophyletic

informal→not monophyletic

vascular→tissue that is able to

(formal) bryophyte→nonvascular terrestrial plants ex; moss, liverworts, hornworts

(formal) seed plants→vascular (tissues to gain nutrients) , seed-producing , mostly terrestrial

(formal seed plant) Gymnosperms→make naked seeds ex; confiers, kinkgo

(formal seeds plants) angiosperms→make "covered" seeds , the flowering plants

angiosperm type:monocots→make one cotelydon (embryonic leaf); greasses palms

angiosperm type: dicots→make two cotyledons; most of the flowering plants

(plants informal) algae→nonvascular , seedless, aquatic phototroph

(plant infromal) pteridophyties→vascular , seedless, terrrestrial plants

(plant infromal pteridophyties) lycophyta→club mosses, quillworts

(plant formal pteridophyties) polypodiophyta→ferns , horsetails

(animal , assymetry) P.Porifera→sponges

(animal , assymetry) P.Placozoa→scab-like representatives (trichoplax)

(animal, radial symmetry) P.Ctenophora→comb jellies

(animal, radial symmetry) P.Cnidaria→jellies anemones and corals

(animal bilateral symmetry, deuterostomes) P. Echniodermata→"spiny-skinned" animals ex; sea star, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, sand dollars

(animal bilateral symmetry, deuterostomes) P.Chordata→all animals with notochord(backbone of sort) ex; lancets, tunicates, vertebrates 3rd largest phylum

(animal bilateral symmetry, Lophotrochozoans) P.Platyhelminthes→flatworm

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P. Nemertea→ribbon worms

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P. Annelida→segmented worms

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P. Rotifera→rotifers

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P.Brachiopoda→lamp shells

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P.Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)→moss animals

(animal bilateral symmetry,Lophotrochozoans) P.Mollusca→slugs, nails, bivalves (clams) & cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish)

(animal bilateral symmetry,Ecdysozoans) P.Nematoda→roundworms

(animal bilateral symmetry,Ecdysozoans) P.Tardigrada→the microscopic water bears

(animal bilateral symmetry,Ecdysozoans) P.Arthropoda→"Joint footed" animals with exoskeletons ex; insects, arachnids, crustaceans (arthropods are the biggesr metazoan so far)

(informal fungi) yeast→unicellualr fungi

(informal fungi) molds→fungi that grows like fuzz (fuzz-looking mycelium)

(informal fungi) lichens→fungi growing as a symbiotic partnership with unicellular alga or cyanobacterium

(informal fungi) mycorrhizal fungi→fungi that grows symbiotically with the roots of the plants

(informal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi) ectomycorrhizae→only interferes witht he outside of the plant's root

(informal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi) endomycorrhizae→penetrate into the plant's roots and joined the fungi's vascular system

(informal fungi) mushroom→large above-ground fruiting bodies (reproductive dispersal structures) or fungi with external spores ex; morels ,ouffballs, stinkhorns

(informal fungi) truffles→large below ground fruiting bodies with external spores (made by a cerrain ectomycorrhizal = always around trees)

(informal fungi) deuteromycetes→"imperfect fungi" because unable to identify sex reproduction in them

(formal fungi) P.Chytridiomycota→live in moist enviornemnets ; mostly unicellular

(formal fungi) P.Zygomycota→microscopi pin, sugar, breadmolds, some ectomycorrhizal fungi

(formal fungi) P.Glomeromycota→endomycorrhizal fungi

(formal fungi) P.Ascomycota→sac fungi , include baker's yeast, morelsm truffels , cup fungi , powedery mildews, black. mold and some of the lichens and ectomycorrhizae

(formal fungi) P.Basidiomycota→club fungi , include true-umbrella mushrooms, puffballs, chantarelles, smuts, rusts , and some lichens and ectomycorrhizae