Practical Research AT

Parts of chapter 1BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE STUDY/ INTRODUCTION.

  • The %%background of the study%% is ==basically an overview of the research study and explains== why you, as researcher, are doing the study. I==t provides information that is important or essential to understand the main body of the research investigation.==

Below are the essential parts of a background information of the study;

  1. ==reasons like problematic situation which prompted you to conduct the study== from global, national, regional, and local; to zero-in on the local setting of the study.
  2. ==statistical data== that supportyourclaims.support your claims.
  3. ==legal bases== relevanttoyourstudy.elevant to your study.
  4. ==emphatic and explosive== create an impacttoprodyourreadertogooadfindoutwhatgoodthereinyourresearchstudy.impact to prod your reader to go o ad find out what good there in your research study.

What sources of information can we use?

1.      A %%primary source%% provides ==direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person, or work of art. Primary sources include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments,== statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects. Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, and newsgroups are also primary sources.

  1. %%Secondary sources%% describe, discuss, interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate, summarize, and process primary sources. ==Secondary source materials can be articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else's original research.==

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

  • %%Statement of the Problem%% is the ==researcher’s guide during the research process==. It is the v==erbalization and articulation of the researcher’s question==. IN THIS SECTION, YOU WILL PRESENT THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS. (steps on how to do it is found in your day 8 module)

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

  • %%Hypothesis%% is a ==tentative answer to a research problem==. It is a ==prediction of an expected outcome in terms of significant effect, difference, or relationship.==

It provides the basis for the testing of the statistical significance of the findings of the study.

Note:youmustbaseyourHypothesisontheresearchproblems.Note : you must base your Hypothesis on the research problems.

TypesofHypotheses:Types of Hypotheses:

==1. Null Hypothesis (Ho)== -It states theabsenceofrelationship,effectordifferencebetweendependentandindependentvariables.the absence of relationship, effect or difference between dependent and independent variables. The researcher tries to disprove or nullify. It is always stated in a negative form.

==2. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)== - It always predictsthattherewillbearelationship,effectordifferencebetweenthevariablesbeingstudied.predicts that there will be a relationship, effect or difference between the variables being studied. The researchers try to prove. It is an affirmation of the existence of observed phenomena.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

  • The %%scope%% of the ==study refers to the elements that will be covered in a research project==. It defines the boundaries of the research. ==It enables the researcher to define what the study will cover and the elements that it will not.==

−actualplacewherethestudywillonlybeconducted-actual place where the study will only be conducted

−durationoftheconductofthestudy-duration of the conduct of the study

−variablesinvolvedortobetested-variables involved or to be tested

−respondentsofthestudy-respondents of the study

  • The %%delimitation%% is ==the explanation of the scope of study.== This section explains ==why certain aspects of a subject were chosen and why others were excluded.==

−Anticipatedweaknessesorlimitationsofthestudy-Anticipated weaknesses or limitations of the study

−waysandmeanstohandleweaknessesandlimitationsofthestudy.-ways and means to handle weaknesses and limitations of the study.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

  • The %%significance of the study%% explains ==which specific groups of people will benefit from your research paper and how they will benefit from it.==

DEFINITION OF TERMS

  • The %%definition of terms%% is an ==alphabetical list of important terms or acronyms in the study==, particularly ambiguous terms or those used in a special way. ==These terms have special meanings in the research are defined, citing authorities as may be necessary, using the usual citation format.==

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

  • %%Plagiarism%% is the act of t==aking another person's writing, conversation, song, or even idea and claiming it as your own.== This includes information from web pages, books, songs, television shows, email messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium.

ALL ABOUT CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURE

  • A %%RELATED LITERATURE%% is c==omposed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related.==

−Itisadetailedreviewofexistingliteraturerelatedtothetopicofathesisordissertation.InanRRL,youtalkaboutknowledgeandfindingsfromexistingliteraturerelevanttoyourtopic.Whenwritingthereview,beginbyprovidingthebackgroundandpurposeofthereview.-It is a detailed review of existing literature related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation. In an RRL, you talk about knowledge and findings from existing literature relevant to your topic. When writing the review, begin by providing the background and purpose of the review.

−Materialsusedincitingrelatedliteraturearepublishedmaterialssuchastextbooks,newspaper,etc.Audioandvideomaterialsfromrefutablesourcescanalsobeusedassourcesofinformation.-Materials used in citing related literature are published materials such as textbooks, newspaper, etc. Audio and video materials from refutable sources can also be used as sources of information.

RELATED STUDY

  • %%RELATED STUDY -%% review of ==studies is a review of as many research studies as possible around a== particular research problem/question. This includes only studies that have been conducted (Muller, 2018).

−Relatedstudiesmaybeclassifiedas:local,iftheinquirywasconductedinthePhilippines;andforeign,ifconductedinforeignlands.-Related studies may be classified as: local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and foreign, if conducted in foreign lands.

CITING REFERENCES

%%How to choose a citation style?%%

  • A %%citation%% ==is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research.==
  • A %%citation style dictates%% the i==nformation necessary for a citation and how the information are entered and formatted.==

Two Types of Citation:

%%1.) In-text Citation%% – it refers to ==a citation in which the author name appears in the sentence itself, rather than within parentheses.== The ==author name is part of the meaning of the sentence.==

Example: Nadeau (2013) stated that dogs make unique eye contact with humans.

^^2.) Parenthetical citation^^ – I==t is one that contains the required citation information within parentheses.==

Example: Dogs make unique eye contact with humans (Nadeau, 2013).

Ways of citing sources for your research  :

%%APA style: American Psychological Association%%

Covers: Education,  Psychology, Sciences

%%MLA style:__ Modern Language Association%%

Covers: Humanities

%%Chicago/Turabian%%

Covers : Business, History, Fine Arts