Resumen de Vocabulario de Portugués - Unidades 4, 5 y 6

Unit 4: Real Estate and Property Search

The dialogue titled "Procurando um apartamento" involves a conversation between André and Jorge regarding real estate. André explicitly states, "Estou procurando um apartamento perto do centro" (I am looking for an apartment near the downtown area). When Jorge asks if he intends to rent (Para alugar?), André clarifies that he wants to buy (Para comprar). He explains that he sold his house the previous day. His specific requirements for the new apartment include three bedrooms, a good living room, a kitchen, two bathrooms, a service area, and two garages. Jorge remarks that finding a large apartment in the city center is not easy. André agrees, noting that while he bought a newspaper and read the advertisements yesterday, he found nothing interesting. He adds that all the large apartments currently for sale are located far from the center. Despite this, André maintains his preference for the central area because it is "mais prático" (more practical).

Idiomatic Expressions and Purchasing Land

The expression "Um negócio da China" is introduced to describe an excellent business deal or an exceptionally good bargain. The transcript provides an example dialogue where a character discusses buying land in Ubatuba. The plot of land is large, measuring $1000\,m^2$, and is located very close to the beach. Although the listener assumes it must be expensive, the speaker insists the price is great and describes it as "um negócio da China." The exchange concludes with the observation "Às vezes, a gente tem sorte" (Sometimes, we are lucky).

Grammar Studies: Indicative Mode and Pretérito Perfeito

This section focuses on the Pretérito Perfeito (Past Tense) for regular verbs ending in -AR and -ER. The conjugation for "MORAR" (to live) in the Pretérito Perfeito is: Eu morei, Você/Ele/Ela morou, Nós moramos, and Vocês/Eles/Elas moraram. For the verb "VENDER" (to sell), the conjugations are: Eu vendi, Você/Ele/Ela vendeu, Nós vendemos, and Vocês/Eles/Elas venderam. An example sentence provided is "Ontem, eu comprei um jornal" (Yesterday, I bought a newspaper).

The Concept of "A Gente" and Alternative Pronouns

In Portuguese, the expression "a gente" is used colloquially to mean "nós" (we). While "a gente" functions as a plural subject, it requires the verb to be conjugated in the third-person singular. For example, "Nós vamos fazer um negócio da China" is equivalent to "A gente vai fazer um negócio da China." Several practice sentences illustrate this substitution: 1. "A gente aqui em casa gosta muito de você" (We here at home like you very much). 2. "A gente não gosta de trabalhar com ele" (We don't like to work with him). 3. "No ano que vem, a gente vai comprar um apartamento" (Next year, we are going to buy an apartment). 4. "A gente precisa aprender Português para viver bem no Brasil" (We need to learn Portuguese to live well in Brazil).

Present and Past Conjugations: Reading, Wanting, and Preferring

The verb "LER" (to read) is presented in both the Present Simple and Pretérito Perfeito. Present Simple: Eu leio, Você/Ele lê, Nós lemos, Vocês/Eles leem. Pretérito Perfeito: Eu li, Você/Ele leu, Nós lemos, Vocês/Eles leram. The verb "QUERER" (to want) in the Present Simple is: Eu quero, Você/Ele quer, Nós queremos, Vocês/Eles querem. Examples include "Ele quer abrir o guarda-chuva" (He wants to open the umbrella) and "O que vocês querem?" (What do you want?). The verb "PREFERIR" (to prefer) follows this Present Simple pattern: Eu prefiro, Você/Ele prefere, Nós preferimos, Vocês/Eles preferem.

Relocation and Neighborhood Descriptions

A second dialogue titled "Um lugar agradável" continues André's story. He informs Jorge that he finally bought an apartment. It is not in the center, but in a residential neighborhood called Jardim Paulista, which is not too far from the center. André changed his mind about the location and is happy. He describes the surroundings: it is near a large park. In front of the park, there is a famous museum (identified in the text as the MASP - Museu de Arte de São Paulo). Behind the park, there is a large school. When asked about the cost, André describes it as "Um absurdo!" (Absurd/Extremely expensive), but maintains that it was worth it. He planned to move the following day.

A narrative titled "O dia da mudança" (Moving Day) describes the process. The truck arrived at the house at $8:00$ in the morning. Workers took the furniture out one by one, including tables, chairs, sofas, armchairs, beds, and wardrobes. Everyone worked hard. At noon, the speaker's wife, Teresa, prepared a snack consisting of sandwiches and juice. It began to rain again during the afternoon.

Prepositions of Place and Contractions

The text lists essential prepositions of place: perto de (near), longe de (far from), ao lado de (beside), na frente de (in front of), atrás de (behind), em volta de (around), dentro de (inside), fora de (outside), entre (between), em cima de (on top of), and embaixo de (underneath). Additionally, the contraction "num" is formed by "em + um" (in a). Examples of using "em" with indefinite articles: "Ele mora em uma casa antiga" becomes "Ele mora numa casa antiga"; "Eu encontrei a informação em um livro" becomes "…num livro."

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Possessives in Portuguese correspond to the subject pronouns: for "eu," the forms are meu, minha, meus, minhas. For "nós," they are nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas. For "você/ele/ela," the forms can be seu/sua/seus/suas, but to avoid ambiguity, the text introduces "dele" (his) and "dela" (hers). For "vocês/eles/elas," the forms are "deles" and "delas." Exercises include: "Quero conversar com meu professor," "Maria, onde está seu irmão?", and "O apartamento dela é confortável."

Narrative Text: Living in São Paulo

The text "Onde morar?" describes the challenges of living in the center of São Paulo, stating it is increasingly difficult and almost impossible due to the hectic pace of life and high costs. To live with comfort in a large, bright house or apartment, one must look in residential neighborhoods. However, due to industrial development, old residential neighborhoods near the center have become commercial areas. Families seeking tranquility must now look for new neighborhoods that are increasingly distant. This phenomenon is common in large cities.

Real Estate Advertisements and Terminology

The transcript contains several abbreviated real estate ads. Key abbreviations include: "Apto." (Apartamento), "qts." or "dorms." (quartos/dormitórios), "sl." (sala), "coz." (cozinha), "banh." (banheiro), "gar." (garagem), "serv." (serviço), "arms. embutidos" (armários embutidos/built-in closets), and "pisc." (piscina). One ad for Ceilândia mentions a house with $3$ bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, "laje" (concrete roof), "grade" (security gate), with a telephone, near the center. Another for Barra da Tijuca features a house with $4$ bedrooms, pool, and a sea view. An ad for Pinheiros mentions a "Face norte" (north-facing) unit, indicating it is sunny.

Unit 5: Magazines, Newspapers, and Daily Transactions

In the dialogue "No jornaleiro," a man visits a newsstand to buy a newspaper and get change for the bus. He asks for "O Estado," but the newsagent says it is sold out despite opening only half an hour ago. He offers "A Folha" instead. The man also asks if bus number $69$ ("Estações") passes there; the newsagent directs him to the side street. Later at home, he tells Susana about an article on Chico Mota on page $15$. Susana mentions Chico Mota performed $15$ days ago for $50,000$ people at the Estádio do Pacaembu. They missed it, but he is returning in April.

Another dialogue, "Assim não dá!", depicts a frustrated customer trying to buy tickets for Marina Moreno's show. He has been trying to see her for $10$ years. However, tickets for Saturday and Friday are sold out. Only a few tickets for Wednesday remain. The newsagent suggests buying online in the future.

Grammar Studies: Opening, Continuous Actions, and Movement

The verb "ABRIR" (to open) in Present Simple: Eu abro, Você/Ele abre, Nós abrimos, Vocês/Eles abrem. In Pretérito Perfeito: Eu abri, Você/Ele abriu, Nós abrimos, Vocês/Eles abriram. The Present Continuous is formed with the verb "estar" + the gerund (-ndo). Examples: "Nosso trem está partindo" (Our train is leaving), "Estou aprendendo Português" (I am learning Portuguese), and "Eles estão trocando o pneu" (They are changing the tire). The preposition "por" contracts with definite articles: por + o = pelo, por + a = pela, por + os = pelos, por + as = pelas.

Cardinal Numbers, Dates, and Time

The transcript lists cardinal numbers: zero ($0$), um/uma ($1$), dois/duas ($2$), três ($3$), dez ($10$), vinte ($20$), cem ($100$), duzentos ($200$), quinhentos ($500$), mil ($1000$), um milhão ($1,000,000$), and dois milhões ($2,000,000$). Time terminology includes: ontem (yesterday), anteontem (the day before yesterday), hoje (today), amanhã (tomorrow), and depois de amanhã (the day after tomorrow). The seasons are primavera (spring), verão (summer), outono (autumn), and inverno (winter).

Past Tense of Irregular Verbs: Being, Having, and Going

The Pretérito Perfeito for "SER" and "IR" share the same forms: Eu fui, Você/Ele foi, Nós fomos, Vocês/Eles foram. The verb "ESTAR" conjugates as: Eu estive, Você/Ele esteve, Nós estivemos, Vocês/Eles estiveram. The verb "TER" conjugates as: Eu tive, Você/Ele teve, Nós tivemos, Vocês/Eles tiveram.

Telling Time and Common Expressions

Questions about time use "Que horas são?" or "A que horas…?". Examples provided: $8:00$ (São oito horas), $8:05$ (São oito e cinco), $8:15$ (São oito e quinze), $8:30$ (São oito e meia), $8:40$ (São vinte para as nove), and $8:45$ (São quinze para as nove). Specific times include meio-dia ($12:00$) and meia-noite ($24:00$/$0:00$). For "at what time," use "à" or "às," such as "Janto às sete horas" ($19:00$).

Vocabulary: Clothing and Personal Accessories

Clothing items are categorized by use. Social attire (Traje social) includes: terno (suit), paletó (jacket), calça (pants), camisa (shirt), gravata (tie), and vestido (dress) or saia (skirt). Beach wear (Na praia) includes: calção, bermuda, sunga, biquíni, and maiô. Sportswear (Traje esportivo) includes: camiseta, short, and calça jeans. Underwear (Roupa íntima) includes: pijama, camisola, cueca, calcinha, sutiã, and meias. Accessories listed: sapatos (shoes), tênis (sneakers), sandália, cinto (belt), relógio (watch), óculos (glasses), celular (cell phone), and joias (jewelry).

Temporal Markers: "Há" and "Daqui a"

To talk about time elapsed in the past, Portuguese uses "há." Example: "Ele chegou ao Brasil há $3$ semanas" (He arrived in Brazil $3$ weeks ago). To talk about future time from the current moment, "daqui a" is used. Example: "Ele vai partir para o Rio daqui a $3$ dias" (He will leave for Rio in $3$ days).

Unit 6: Composite Sketches and Descriptions

The dialogue titled "Retrato Falado" (Composite Sketch) takes place at a police station after a robbery at the jewelry store "Leão de Ouro." The suspect is described as a white man, approximately $30$ years old, tall, and fat, with brown hair and eyes. He is armed and dangerous. A witness provides more specific details: his face is round, his forehead (testa) is not high, his eyes are large with thick eyebrows (sobrancelhas grossas). The nose is long and thin (comprido e fino), and the chin (queixo) is square. His hair is curly (crespo).

Anatomical Vocabulary and Physical Descriptions

Key parts of the human body are listed: cabeça (head), olhos (eyes), sobrancelha (eyebrow), testa (forehead), nariz (nose), boca (mouth), bochecha (cheek), queixo (chin), orelha (ear), pescoço (neck), ombro (shoulder), braço (arm), cotovelo (elbow), antebraço (forearm), pulso (wrist), mão (hand), dedos (fingers), unhas (nails), peito (chest), barriga (belly/stomach), umbigo (navel), costas (back), quadril (hip), perna (leg), joelho (knee), panturrilha (calf), calcanhar (heel), and pé (foot).

Adjectives for descriptions include: alto (tall), baixo (short), magro (thin), gordo (fat), loiro (blonde), moreno (dark-haired/brunette), longo/comprido (long), curto (short), redondo (round), quadrado (square), and oval.

Grammar: Vision, Ability, and Intent in the Past

The verb "VER" in the Present is: Eu vejo, Você vê, Nós vemos, Eles veem. In the Pretérito Perfeito: Eu vi, Você viu, Nós vimos, Eles viram. The verb "QUERER" in the Pretérito Perfeito is: Eu quis, Você quis, Nós quisemos, Eles quiseram. The verb "PODER" in the Pretérito Perfeito is: Eu pude, Você pôde, Nós pudemos, Eles puderam. An example of usage: "Ontem, eu quis ir ao cinema, mas não pude. Meu dinheiro acabou."

Personal Pronouns as Direct Objects

Direct object pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. The third-person pronouns are "o / a" (singular) and "os / as" (plural). These pronouns change form based on the verb ending. If the verb ends in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns become "-lo, -la, -los, -las" (e.g., "abrir + a = abri-la"). If the verb ends in a nasal sound, they become "-no, -na, -nos, -nas" (e.g., "viram + o = viram-no"). First and second person pronouns include "me" (me) and "nos" (us).

Health, Wellness, and Common Ailments

A dialogue titled "Você está doente?" describes someone feeling unwell. Symptoms mentioned include: dor de cabeça (headache), dor de garganta (sore throat), dor nas costas (back pain), and febre (fever). Other ailments listed are: dor de ouvido (earache), dor de dente (toothache), dor de estômago (stomach ache), dor de barriga (belly ache), tosse (cough), gripe (flu), enjoo (nausea), and being resfriado (having a cold).

The Imperative Mode: Command Forms

The Imperative mode is used for commands or advice. Irregular forms include: 1. "SER": seja (você), sejamos (nós), sejam (vocês). 2. "ESTAR": esteja (você), estejamos (nós), estejam (vocês). 3. "IR": vá (você), vamos (nós), vão (vocês). Examples include: "Seja esperto!" (Be smart!), "Vá embora!" (Go away!), and "Coma menos!" (Eat less!).

Contractions and Prepositional Combinations (Crase)

The "crase" (indicated by the grave accent "à") occurs when the preposition "a" meets the definite article "a." Combinations include: a + o = ao, a + a = à, a + os = aos, and a + as = às. Examples include: "Vou ao médico" (I'm going to the doctor) and "Vou à farmácia" (I'm going to the pharmacy). A specific geographical rule: "Vamos à Itália" (We go to Italy) vs. "Vamos a Roma" (We go to Rome). Double negatives are also noted using "nem… nem" (neither… nor), as in "Não vou nem tocar piano nem cantar."