spanish V vocab set 2.1
un(a) criollo(a) – a person of Spanish descent born in the Americas
una cuerda – a rope or cord
la madera – wood
un nudo – a knot
el oro – gold
la plata – silver
la precipitación – rainfall or precipitation
un quipu – an ancient Incan system of knotted strings used for recording information
el/la tejedor(a) – a weaver
un tejido – a woven fabric or textile
acomodado(a) – well-off, wealthy
agrio(a) – sour, bitter
bello(a) – beautiful
caluroso(a) – hot (describing weather)
escaso(a) – scarce, limited
lluvioso(a) – rainy
nevado(a) – snowy, snow-covered
apoyar – to support, to help
soler (ue) – to usually do something, to be accustomed to
subyugar – to subjugate, to dominate forcefully
tejer – to weave or knit
Suplementario (Page 60–69)
la sierra / la cordillera – a mountain range
la selva – the jungle, rainforest
la cuenca – a basin or valley
la Guerra del Pacífico – the War of the Pacific (Chile vs. Peru & Bolivia, 1879–1884)
Pages 62–63
la orilla – the shore, riverbank, or edge
el Inca – the emperor of the Inca Empire
el ayllu – the basic Incan family/community unit
Inti – the Incan sun god
Pachamama – the Incan earth goddess (Mother Earth)
quechua – the Incan language still spoken in the Andes
el chasqui – an Incan messenger who ran to deliver messages
la quinua – quinoa, a grain native to the Andes
Pages 64–65
Huáscar / Atahualpa – Incan brothers who fought for power just before the Spanish conquest
Francisco Pizarro – the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire
Cuzco – the capital city of the Inca Empire (in present-day Peru)
Ciudad de los Reyes – the original name of Lima, Peru
la encomienda – a colonial system where Spaniards received land and indigenous labor
Page 66
la Plaza de Armas – the main central square in Latin American cities
las afueras – the outskirts, suburbs of a city
Page 67
la materia prima – raw material
Simón Bolívar – South American independence leader (Venezuela, Colombia, etc.)
José de San Martín – independence leader for Argentina, Chile, Peru
Antonio José de Sucre – independence leader and ally of Bolívar
Ayacucho – site of the decisive battle for South American independence (1824)
Page 68
Chan Chan – the ancient capital city of the Chimú civilization in Peru
el mercado de Otavalo – a famous indigenous market in Ecuador
Page 69
las empanadas – stuffed pastries, usually baked or fried
el ceviche – raw fish marinated in citrus juice, typical of coastal Peru
el locro – a thick Andean soup or stew made with potatoes, corn, cheese, or meat
el choclo – large-kernel Andean corn
la palta – avocado