Infant Sleep and Motor Development Notes

REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
- Newborns spend about 50% of their sleep in REM.
- By 3 months, this percentage reduces to 40%.
- In adulthood, approximately 20% of sleep is in REM.

Motor Development
- Defined as the process of mastering body movements including rolling over and sitting.
- Includes stages such as crawling and walking.
Dynamic Systems Theory
- A theoretical perspective on motor development influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
- Key Contributors:
- Esther Allen
- Arnold Gesell
Motor development occurs through experience.

Developmental Milestones:
- Newborn:
- No head control.
- 2 months:
- Can lift head when lying on stomach.
- 3 months:
- Can roll over.
- 6-7 months:
- Sits up independently.
- 8 months:
- Pulls up to stand while holding furniture.
- 10-12 months:
- Crawls and takes first steps.
- 12 months:
- Walks independently.
Order of Development:
- The progression of motor skills is fixed on the timeline but can vary due to environmental factors.

Definition of Reflexes:
- Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli, crucial for survival and development.
Types of Reflexes:
- Rooting Reflex:
- Turns head when cheeks are stroked to locate food.
- Sucking Reflex:
- Sucks on objects placed in the mouth, important for nourishment and survival.
- Moro Reflex:
- Throws arms out in response to a sensation of falling or loud noise.
- Grasping Reflex:
- Infants grip tightly when the palm is touched, fostering bonding and a sense of safety.
- Drinking Reflex:
- Closes eyes in response to bright light, providing protection against injury.
- Stepping Reflex:
- Exhibits stepping motions when held upright, which prepares the infant for walking.
- Babinski Reflex:
- Toes fan out when the foot is stroked; this reflex serves as an indicator of nervous system health.