AP WORLD STUDY SET

TERMS TO REMEMBER

Ancestor veneration - An Incan practice of mummifying leaders to continue their rule as they did in life. (Legitimizing Rule)

Animism - A belief in deities associated with the features of nature, such as animals, mountains, or specific rivers.

Egalitarian - A belief in human equality, especially political, social, and economic equality.

Caravanserai - Inns along the Silk Road for travelers and traders to rest on. Travelers could rest themselves and their animals.

Vedas - Hindu scriptures. Taught that the soul is reborn through reincarnation.

Upanishads - The most important Hindu Scriptures, explains how to act.

Brahmin - Highest ranking of the caste system. Usually priests.

Dharma - Another word for Karma, how you act in life determines your next life.

Moksha - a Hindu concept that refers to the liberation of the soul from the cycle of life, death, and rebirth

Sunni - Muslims who believed the caliph could be selected from any leader of the Muslim community.

Shia - Muslims who believed the caliph should be a blood relative of the prophet Muhammad

Sufi - Muslim mystics, most flexible of the branches, and got along with other religions.

Quran/ Koran - Holy book of Islam.

Mecca - Holy city, where Muslims pilgrimage to.

Medina - City where Muhhamad fled after the exile.

Ulama - Scholars and experts in Islamic Law

Normans - Descendants of Vikings who settled in northwestern France, or Normandy. (1066)

Griots - A special singer who told stories through oral tradition.

Mit’a system - A form of mandatory public service that was done as a tribute to the Incan government.

Great Schism - The divide of the Christian church in 1054 into Catholicism and Orthodox.

Lay investiture - The practice of promoting church officials by secular leaders instead of other church officials.

Neo-Confucianism - The syncretic religion of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism.

Hanseatic League - A network of merchant guilds to create a trading commerce in Germany.

Chinampa - Floating gardens used for farming in Mesoamerica.

Urdu - Syncretic language of Hindu, Sanskrit, and Persian languages.

Al-Andalus - Iberian Peninsula (Modern day Spain and Portugal)

Cordoba - An Islamic city in the Al-Andalus that was a center of learning and culture.

Golden Horde - Mongol horde in Russia made up of Mongols and Turks. Helped spread Islam.

Caesaropapism - A ruler is the head of the state as well as the head of religion.

Cahokia - Native American settlement in the Mississippi region and was the largest inhabited region of any Native American state.

Abbasids Vs. Umayyads - The Umayyad empire was mostly Arab; however, the Abbasids progressively became made up of more and more converted Muslims in which the Arabs were only one of many ethnicities. Umayyads came before Abbasids.

Tenochtitlan - Capital of the Aztec Empire.

Angkor Wat - A Buddhist temple in Cambodia, and the largest religous monument in the world.

Baghdad - The Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Served as a large trading hub.

Hacienda - A plantation in Spanish Colonial America.

Astrolabe - A navigating device used by sailors by determining the position of stars and planets.

Galleons - Spanish Trading Ships.

Creoles - Individuals born in the colonies, but who had Spanish ancestory.

Mestizo - Person with white European and Indigenous background.

Mulattoes - Person with European and African background.

Zamindar - Tax collector in Mughal India

Pogroms - Violet attacks on the Jewish Population in Russia,

Repartimiento - A system that allowed Spanish colonists the right to force Indigenous people into forced labor.

Viceroys - A governor who rules in the place of a monarch.

Middle Passage - A forced Voyage of Africans to the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean.

Glorious Revolution - the series of events in 1688-89 which culminated in the exile of King James II and the accession to the throne of William and Mary.

95 Theses - Written by Martin Luther, that criticized the Catholic Church and the use of indulgences.

Caravel - Portuguese sailing ships.

Franks - a member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. France was named after them.

Sinification - Assimilation or spread of Chinese culture.

Aborigines - Native Australians.

Millenarianism - Belief in a Christian prophet, or that Jesus will some day return.

Suffrage - The right to vote in government

Tanzimat - An attempt to reform the Ottoman Empire through modernization.

Meiji Restoration - a political revolution in Japan in 1868 that ended the Tokugawa shogunate and restored power to the emperor

Realpolitik - Politics based on practical objectives rather than Ideals

Xhosa Cattle-Killing - a response to European imperialism in South Africa and was based on a prophecy that killing their cattle and destroying their crops would drive away British colonizers and restore the land to its original condition

Penal colony - Colony that holds prisoners.

Apartheid -Political policy of racial segregation in South Africa

IMF - The International Monetary Fund founded in 1944 to rebuild European Economies.

World Bank - A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation

Negritude - An anti-colonial cultural and political movement founded by a group of African and Caribbean students in Paris in the 1930s who sought to reclaim the value of blackness and African culture.

Glasnost - Soviet policy of open discussion of politics and social issues.

Mujahedeen - Muslim fighters who fought for their faith or the Muslim community.

Taliban - Strict Muslim group in Afghanistan,

Proxy wars - Where countries use their allies to fight each other, instead of directly fighting themselves.

Perestroika - An attempt to improve the failing economy of Soviet Russia.

NAFTA - An agreement to encourage free trade between the North American countries.

Kristallnacht - Night of broken glass where Jewish businesses were attacked by Nazi troops.

Lusitania - The British ship that was torpedoed by Germany in World War I.

Zimmerman Telegram - A coded message sent to Mexico by Germany, proposing a military alliance against the United States.

Nuremberg Laws + Trial - Measures depriving Jewish people of their rights in Germany.

Balfour Declaration - A public pledge by Britain in 1917 declaring its aim to establish “a national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine.