Density and Land Use Patterns

Discussion focuses on how the density gradient of a city changes with distance from the Central Business District (CBD).
Understanding the bid rent theory is essential to grasp the dynamics of urban density and land value.

Key Concept: Land prices vary depending on proximity to the CBD.
- Closer to the CBD = higher land prices.
- Farther from the CBD = cheaper land prices.
This price fluctuation is due to land availability and demand.
Higher population density near the CBD leads to higher land costs due to limited space.

Characteristics:
- Dominated by skyscrapers and vertical buildings.
- Buildings are closely clustered, optimizing land use.
Mixed-Use Buildings:
- Common to find multistory buildings with retail on ground levels and residential units above.
- Underground parking is typical.
Benefits of High Density:
- Easier access to public transportation, goods, and services.
- Potential for vibrant community life with cultural diversity and economic opportunities.
Negatives of Poor Urban Planning:
- Can lead to food deserts and reduced socio-economic opportunities.

Transition from high to medium density involves:
- Shrinking of building height from high-rises to low-rises.
- Appearance of single-family and multifamily homes.
- Small front and backyards are common.
Characteristics:
- Maintain proximity to urban amenities, but with a suburban feel.
- Restaurants and shops are spaced but still near residential areas.

Dominated by larger lot sizes:
- Predominantly single-family homes or low-rise apartments.
Features:
- Lots of green spaces, larger roadways, and parking areas.
- Longer commute times and reliance on personal vehicles due to lack of public transport.

Comparison of urban landscapes:
- Skyscrapers common in U.S. urban areas but subject to restrictions in European cities, leading to diverse cityscapes.
European cities often emphasize public transportation and community spaces.

Advancements in transportation technology allow people to live further from the CBD.
As a result, urban populations are relocating to edge cities and suburban areas prompting businesses to follow suit, seeking larger land spaces in lower-density areas.
Urban sprawl is a notable consequence, affecting density and spatial layout of urban environments.

The relationship between density, land use, and urban planning is dynamic and reflective of broader social and economic trends as urban areas continue to grow and change.