Definitions

• Amino Acid: Organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

• Allele: Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Molecule that carries genetic information.

• Chromosome: Structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genes.

• Cell: Basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms.

• Proteins: Large molecules made up of amino acids, essential for various biological functions.

• Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA.

• Gene: Segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

• Variation: Differences in traits among individuals in a population.

• Dominant: An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

• Recessive: An allele that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.

Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows a class (child or subclass) to inherit properties and methods from another class (parent or su

Definitions

• Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a specific gene (e.g., AA or aa).

• Heterozygous: An organism with two different alleles for a specific gene (e.g., Aa).

• Polymers: Large molecules composed of repeating structural units (monomers), often found in biological systems (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids).

• Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from parents.

• Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by the genotype and environmental influences.

  Definitions

  • Monomer: A small, single molecule that can join together with other monomers to form a polymer.

  • Polymer: A large molecule made up of repeating structural units (monomers) connected by covalent bonds.

  • Polymerization: The chemical process in which monomers combine to form a polymer.

  • Genetic Variant: A variation in the DNA sequence among individuals, which can lead to differences in traits or characteristics.

DNA is primarily found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where it is organized into chromosomes. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, DNA is located in the cytoplasm, often in a single circular chromosome. Additionally, some organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain their own DNA, which is involved in energy production and photosynthesis, respectively.its unique structure of two intertwined strands forming a double helix

bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair specifically—(A)-(T) (C)-(G)