Summary of Memory and Processing in Cognitive Psychology

• Memory: Persistent learning over time.

• Explicit Memory: Consciously recalled facts. - Example: Hippocampus information.

• Implicit Memory: Unconscious retention. - Example: Riding a bike automatically.

Types of Memory

• Recall: Retrieving information. - Example: Fill-in-the-blank test.

• Recognition: Identifying items. - Example: Multiple-choice test.

• Relearning: Faster due to prior exposure. - Example: U.S. History.

Memory Storage Process

• Three Steps: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval.

  • Encoding: Processing information.

  • Storage: Retaining information.

  • Retrieval: Accessing information.

Brain and Memory Storage

• Stored in cerebral cortex.

• Hippocampus: Processes explicit memories; damage affects memory.

• Cerebellum: Procedural memory; damage alters associations.

Memory Processing

• Effortful Processing: Intentional encoding. - Example: Study for tests.

• Automatic Processing: Unconscious encoding. - Example: Recognizing words.

Memory Encoding Levels

• Shallow Processing: Basic encoding. - Example: Memorizing without meaning.

• Deep Processing: Meaning-based for retention.

Working Memory

• Working Memory: Conscious short-term processing. - Example: Retaining sequences efficiently.