a push unit 4
era of jefferson: scope and role of fed goverment
polictical parties diffrences
thomas jefferson won election of 1800
pretty big deal because he was a demo republic
meaning it seem like it reperesented a peaceful transfer of power between 2 rival policical parties
federalist dominted the first few years of the republic
geroge washing to
john adams
rival party demo republican led by thomas jefferson
disagread with eveything the federlist thougt
1800: tomas in office
the peaceful transfer of pwoer between rival parties
was not really a thing
if a faction wanted to strip their rivals of their power
ussally it would led to someone getting shot
the peace transfuer of power didnt mean it they stoped fighting
the 2 factions would only argue more
during the first part of the 19th century
beef: was because of the way they interpered the constitution
rival views
feds: loose constructionsist- meaning they belived the fed goverment could exercise pwoer not explictiy stated in consistuito: likw formation of national banck
no where in the consitiution did it say congress has the pwoer to create. a national bank
but hamialtion using loose constutuionsit framework argued that the nessary and prope clause
in the articale on of the constitution allowefor a back since over powers like tax collection and the egulations of commerce made a bank nessary and proper
demo republican: strict constutionsri
they belived that the federal goverment could only excersise powe that was ecplicity grsnted by the concittioniton
if it aint written it aint happening
political paties debates
jeff bought his strict constutionist demo rep preinciples to bear on the operation of the fedall goverment
deomcratic republocan as a rule loathed the expansion of fed power
visions of th eus ar primiarlily an agarian or farm based antion
heat of agarian antion scoe of yman farmaers who owned heir own farms and engaged in small scale arigiculture with family laboer
jeffs election called revoltuon of 1800
thats what it looked like an agarain nation
limed goverment that seved needs of the citizens
soemtimes jefferson did do thtat like reapleing the whisky act tax reducing the debt of the federal govemnet by half
jeff did do a lot to expand the pwoer of the fedeal govement
federal powe ecpand
lousisand puchases(1803)
conext napoleon rose in ppoer in framce
goal recalom pssesion of their forme colony of haiti after toussaint louverture abd his troops succesgully revolted vs fench
this seemed like a good opp to jeffersont to ty to persuade the french to ope the pot of new oleans to use mercahnts activity
importen to western farmer
jeff sent james meor with 2 million dollors to france
monero went ahead and accepetd the deal
us terioty doubled
embargo act
federal ban on internation trade
nap was began right as jeff became president
both britian and frnace wanted alicane with us
us wanted neutuality
like washingtion
4.2
big strides toward national econ unifaction
but on the othe the uinfition is encouraging more regional distintion acrosss us
national unifaction
a war between is it the untied stated or untied stated
main arguments among ameicans wethhe national concerens or egianl cicner were mor important
we see both developing at the same time
efforts of legislators to strengthen the national economy
after napoelan sold lousisana territery to the us
most importan thing it did was open the mississippi river
to us merchant ships so they could trade up and down the rive down the western frontier
got better when steam ships were introduced bc the ships could tavel up and down the river
benifed the south and the west of american
but it hurt notherneast of the americans because land routed between it and the ohiao river valley were less attractive to merchants owning to the difficultey of overland travel compared to water travel
opening of the eerie conal in 1825 connected northeat witht more westen famr s
diffuculty wouls lessen
response to the nothereasten economic melancholy
congress approved the constuction of hte cumberlan road in 1811
facilitated overland trade between maryland and ohio
its important: all of these develment work to lin the regions of US into an interdependent econmic hole
ex: southern planters could easyily transport raw materials - like cotton to the factiores in the norht
northen maunfactures could easily transport finshed goods to sell in the south in the west ect
in this period we see the construction of metric of roads and cnals
which knit the various regional econ together
legislative program to boost the national econ was the intro of policies known as AMERICAN SYSTEM
prosed by hous form kentucky HENRY CLAY
the american system
henry clays paln to grow national enconmy and unite regional econ into an interdepent hole
comples set of policies but rember 3 of its main
1st infrastrute projects: paid for by tariffs and land sales
included roads and cals
that would beneifit famers and merchant in the south west
2nd protective tarives to stimulate domestic indusrty
protective tariff: is a tac on goods imported from other countnries
the protective part of it means that the teac is high enough on those foerigh goods that pp are more lkely to by goods made but US
tariff protect american manufacturers
and gives them an ecomimic boost
example of tariff of 1816: comes b4 the fomr into of the american system in 1824
passed: resoponse to british merchants flooding the american market wiht cheap manufactured goods
had a large stock pil of goods that have been building up as the bc of jeffersons embargo act and war of 1812
sold thes goods to americans at a fraction of what there worth
american manufactures couldnt conpete on prices
so congress passed the tarif which raised prices on brisissh goods and made americans more likely to buy american made goods
remeber this tax is that it was first tariff enacted
main goal was not to raise revune for federal goverment
but to prtect bolsster domestiv indsrty
becasue this tarrif was framed not terms of fed gov seeking profit but instead nationals securit against Great b
popular acrros many region
3rd. secind bank of us
hamiltons first bank of united states created under charter of 2 decades
1811 congress didnt renew that hcater so
banke went the way of hamilteon so it died out
so clay proped a 2nd natioal banck credit issued through local banks
through the nation
a secon national ban regulate public credit issued through local bank
bank issued national currency
to bing the various region fo the country together to a tigher national hole
as well as oroming regial specialization
so it encouraged each region to do what they were doing best
north focus on maufactoring
south: fouas on cultivation of cotton
west focus on food
regional diverscity
unification of the national econmoy actully worked to bring out the diffrences between all of the regions
since the infrastructure to connect the various regions was mutil rapidly each reginon could speialee in what hthey do best and reply on imprted goods other reigoin to make up for what they lacked
tegional diff
1 regioanl specializaton
- south agriculter’ main export cottern
- nother: maufactuirng ‘ depended on importing raw materal from the south
- over cultivation of the souther soils/ nay souther pakters took their enslaved laborers and moved west
cession of flordia to us via the adam onis treat- they mover further sout as wel;
many planter that didnt migrit west shifed to the sale of enslaved pp to the wrsern planters
since 18-2 internat slace trade was banned
-the regial econmies we being more distenct
made them unifed becaes they needed each other to proper
but it ment regioal attiides about econ policy and slaver contrasted sharply
ex
ecomonic policy
panin of 1819- panic meaning depression
this happeded bc of irresponsible practieces carred out by national banks
regional branches in the west were reackless about loaning money to western farmers assuming economic growth would contiue and famrers could pay them back
thats called speculation
ver risking esp for nation bank
farmer bowrrowed more mooeny than they had collarter back ut up if thing went bad
1818bnational bank wanted to tighten up money supply in us
reduce amout of cried avalible to regional btanches
act lead to s tsped finaclial collapes as banks calledin their lona anf garmer werent able to pay them
resulted in mass fore closuset on southern farms led to financial hardship in the north bc they couldnt resevue raw materials they needed
so congress stated debateing on how to slove this
regiould dieffrence flared up quicl
northern wanted mor etarriffs to protect their industiers form internation competiotion
southers arugued tariffs would raise prives on goods they needed to survise when euroopeabs demand for thier agricultural good were decreasing
many comman farmer felt their needs are ingored as elites arugrd to protect their owne needs
many american this panic led to signisht mistrust for the expansion of federal power reperesend by a federal bank
slavery
south domanted growing in west
in the north labor system ws wage labor
know as free labor
contrast it wiht ensaved labor
this antagonsim between enslaved labor and poid labor held in delicated balance owning to the equal distrabution of these statess senator in congress
1820 44 sentors in congress they were equally spilt between slave state and free state
sound a way to live togetgeth in balcne
missour teritory applied for state hood as a territory slaver was permitted
so assuption missour would join union as slave state
but that would make slaves state 24 vs 22
3/5 compromise
the new slace state would boost their number in the house
nourthernsa not happy
tesion increased
of the talmage amendement
propesed by nyk congressman james tallmadge
stated nussiur could ebter untion only on the condition to band slavery and gradually emanciped the enslaved pp tha tlived there
south congress man rejected the amendment
nothern congressman retalealated ny refuing missour as a state
southernes felt this was a threst to their own political pwer
since the morhten populaton had grown at a much faster pace than the southern poulation northenar stated wouls alwys holda majority in the house of represtentives since seats in that house are gratend by pp
so the balance between the othe and south in the senat was the only hope they had at protecting their interst in maintaining and ecpaninf slaver
if missour cama s a free state
then the sentate woul favor norhtern interst
southerners didnt like that
hernry clay compromised
the missiour compromise 1830
introduced by henry clay
adimitted missour as a slave stat and main as a free state
which held balnce in the senate
2 dfuned the fute expanision of slvery
36’30 line of latued missouri southen border
would make the divison of slvery
slaver coul existed bekwo that line but not above
4.4
seekign golbal recongnitions
1809- james madison became president and chief of his was to dtrengthen the us in eyes of the world
treaty of paris formally establised that but euporeans didnt take that serious
after the revolutionary was britian kept occuping the forces in their westen forst anf the spanish sold weapon to american infians and encouraged them to attack american migrants heading weat
ther was a lack of respect in the new nation
us attempted to enact severl poilivesduring this time to claiim its spot on world powetrs
1st way was promteding world trade
the euporeasn ignored is seroitly to psotion of us nerutality during naplenoic wars
britsh ships continued to impree or fovible consript americn saloes and the frnch seiced americna mercant ships if thy were enioues in the war
to combat that tomas jefferson led congress to pass the embargo act
which cut of all us trade with foerpowers
goal’ forve acceptance of us neutrailty
reasule: us populations suffer econmiclayy
sharp dec in internatinal trade
james midis took office before he did
congress pased the non intercouse act in 1809
replaced the cargo act
insted of cutting off all forgien trade
non intercouse act cut off trade wiht great b
and frnac eonly
opening htat ninternational enconmy hlepd somewhat
didnted have a dramtic effect
consided a failure to adress the nation econmic issues
1810 congress passed maccons bill 1810-to stimulate the conmoy temprotailty open trade to britian and franceconditon exports arrive to us on american shipsencond introduced intrernatil blackmail
the proble was brit and fran not respecting un neutuilty
bill said if counter respected us nerutatlity the us would embargo the other country
goal pf this legislation was incress stature od the us in eupore powers
it did the oppistie
napeal
france agreed to respect the us neutraitly so us cut trade us brait
which hurt britian econmictlaly who was trying to wage war agiantst france
madison was pretty suspices of napoleons motives
but didn have z choices
that increasrd tesion betwen gret b and us
but france used the us for their own gain since they werent act going to respenc tht e us netuatulyu
series of law only prove that when it came to globe affairs the us wa not big but very much small
so perhaps te. us could clame the world stage by claiming territory here in nother america
a big part of desicre to expand was the us desire to bring nativ policy under ferderal contral and thersore open nat lands to us ecanion
after us deepred native alliian battle of fallen timebr
nativ ealong the ohia rive creat new allicance
to resit american migtstion into ther lands
lef by shawnee ptohet and tenqatawa
and his brother tecumsa
osntedcted to give up white culture and fight to esablish righ to remain in ancerstal land
and if they did the grea tsprit would protec the ensuing succes
2 profet tond in infiane a settlement
bas of movement
later terrialt govenmor of indiana william henry harris met with trible leaer
go them drunk and prusued thek to sell million of acres for faction of there worth
tecusma though it was trichery and enertaged
bc native didnt belive land could be bough or sld like commodity since it belonged to all of thme commually
so tecumpsa tryrf to recut other nativesto ther resistance moverment
while he was away recutiry
harrison sent troop to attack prhoet town whil tecumdeh was awya eiht him gone the us won
tecumpsa and mant of his folloert went to canda and allied witht he briths and would fihgt the american in the war of 1812
claimin gthe westen hemispeher
the war of 1812 by monroe doctrine
war of 1822 confiliv teiht us and brit
sencin war of indepenc animostiy goriwng between us and gteat britian growing ever since the the treaty of paris
great brit refusred toe cvavute troops fgorm its westen for and now us teritery
britsh stille sold arms to native to resist americna westwern expansion
and the tesion on macens bill nnuber 2 fthat fance used to punh briten econmilly
las was the us was continued briths practi of impressment
to keep up with deman for salilors on navy ships
freat brit seized an american merchant ship
focerd american on board ot serive in the rovly navy
whihc wa a violation of us nerutrlaity regarding the naopleonic wad it was a national instult to the us who fought to be free of brithsih rules
so ther was debate with us leard of prosect of delaring war on great b
brithsi imrpesment
wat haks americ supor of war
argued that great b too dristacted by conflict wiht france to encount us
an if us vicoty happend tha would end britians threat to the us neutrality while as well as proving the us as a major playe ront he worl datage
but industral new enflad federlad wanted a renal of trade with great brinaitn
which would improve ther conmic lot dracitcally
therfore they opposed the war
massive military disadvantages
the us declared war on grat britina
lasted 2 year and endedin stalemate
american hed some secuful driving briths back to canda
but the war was a tassup
by 1814 creat brait could no longer justify the cost fo the war
2 nations signed the trsty of gent
both sifrs agreed to give up the ladn taken in the war and revert back to the territoral agrament presnt in 1812
the war did not resul in ant rerritorial gain for the us by main eft boos snadin og the uss in the eyees of world
it was the 2nd time us deafted great braian
new set of glabl power pant
the us took it a step forward by issuing monroe doctrine
james monre elected 1816
his leared ship lot of territoy
nomeroe secretary of stat john quincy adams negotiated treaties that esablish us cnat border 48th parallel
and agreed us bri occupation of organ territory
1819 adams negotiated the amdams ouns treay in which paina agreed to seed florida to the us
sever latina merican countries revolting and throwing of their eupean imeprial
that and monreos succes in shoring up the growing us territory a the eurpean the oppsortuiy to annouce the monero docrine
it ancoused to the world that the westenr hemishpeher wwas a used spher of influces and that ny futher eupoea colonization or intrust NOT WELCOM and would be resistan
oth the other side us prosmed not to meddle i with europena affairs
f