Outer Space

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1. Sun

  • The star at the center of the Solar System.

  • Main source of light and heat on Earth.

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2. Star

  • A big ball of hot gases that gives off light and heat.

  • The Sun is the closest star to Earth.

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3. Moon

  • Earth’s only natural satellite.

  • It does not make its own light; it reflects the Sun’s light.

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4. Planet

  • A large object that orbits (moves around) a star.

  • Planets do not produce their own light.

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5. Orbit

  • The path a planet or moon follows as it moves around another object.

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6. Rotation

  • The spinning of Earth on its axis.

  • Causes day and night.

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7. Revolution

  • The movement of Earth around the Sun.

  • Causes the four seasons (in some countries).

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8. Solar System

  • The Sun and the objects that move around it: planets, moons, asteroids, etc.

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9. Earth

  • The third planet from the Sun.

  • The only planet known to support life.

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10. Mercury

  • The closest planet to the Sun.

  • Very hot during the day and very cold at night.

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11. Venus

  • The hottest planet.

  • Called Earth’s “sister planet” because they are similar in size.

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12. Mars

  • Known as the Red Planet because of its color.

  • Scientists believe it might have had water long ago.

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13. Jupiter

  • The largest planet in the Solar System.

  • Has a big storm called the Great Red Spot.

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14. Saturn

  • Known for its beautiful rings made of ice and rocks.

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15. Uranus

  • Looks blue-green because of methane gas.

  • It tilts on its side.

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16. Neptune

  • The farthest planet from the Sun.

  • Known for its strong winds.

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17. Asteroid

  • A small rocky object that orbits the Sun.

  • Most are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

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18. Comet

  • A space object made of ice, dust, and rock.

  • Has a glowing tail when near the Sun.

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19. Meteor

  • A piece of rock that burns when entering Earth’s atmosphere.

  • Also called a “shooting star”.

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20. Meteorite

  • A meteor that reaches the ground without burning up completely.

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21. Galaxy

  • A huge group of stars, dust, and gas.

  • We live in the Milky Way Galaxy.

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22. Constellation

  • A group of stars that form a pattern or picture.

  • Example: Orion, Big Dipper.

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23. Axis

  • An imaginary line on which Earth spins.

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24. Eclipse

  • When one heavenly body blocks the light from another.

  • Solar eclipse – Moon blocks the Sun.

  • Lunar eclipse – Earth blocks sunlight from the Moon.

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25. Phases of the Moon

  • The different shapes of the Moon as seen from Earth (New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, etc.).

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26. Light-year

  • The distance that light travels in one year.

  • Used to measure very far objects in space.

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27. Gravity

  • A force that pulls objects toward each other.

  • Keeps planets in their orbits.

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28. Universe

  • Everything that exists: space, stars, planets, galaxies.

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29. Artificial Satellite

  • A man-made object placed in space to orbit Earth.

  • Used for communication, weather, GPS.

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30. Space Probe

  • A spacecraft that travels to study other planets and heavenly bodies.