C1 Wordlist Unit 10
Word Focus (Page 122)
Vocabulary
Galley (n) /ˈgæli/: A ship’s kitchen
Example: The ship’s cook prepared lunch for the crew in the galley.
Tagged (adj) /tægd/: Labelled
Example: Make sure your luggage is tagged with your name and phone number.
Related forms: tag (v, n)
Realm (n) /relm/: An area of activity
Example: New discoveries in the realm of astronomy are very exciting.
Hippodrome (n) /ˈhɪpədrəʊm/: A place where horse races took place in ancient Greece and Rome
Example: Spectators would cheer the horses on at the hippodrome.
Fortification (n) /fɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/: A tower or wall built for protection
Example: The thick castle walls were a strong fortification which the enemy could not breach.
Related forms: fortify (v)
Reading (Pages 122-123)
Juggle (v) /ˈʤʌgl/: Give attention to many things
Example: Susan juggles a full-time job and voluntary work at a charity shop.
Born and bred (expr) /bɔːn ænd bred/: Born and having grown up in a particular place
Example: You can tell he was born and bred in Texas from his accent.
Chop and change (expr) /ʧɒp ænd ʧeɪnʤ/: Change your mind many times
Example: He chopped and changed about which course to do before finally deciding on biochemistry.
Marine (adj) /mæˈriːn/: Of the sea
Example: He studies marine life in the Pacific Ocean.
Arrowhead (n) /ˈærəʊˌhed/: The sharp end of an arrow
Example: Early humans made arrowheads out of stone which they used to hunt with.
Submarine (n) /ˌsʌbmæˈriːn/: A ship that can travel underwater
Example: The submarine dived deep into the sea.
Formative years (n) /ˈfɔːmətɪv jɪəz/: Years influencing development
Example: He was taught to love the sea during the formative years of his childhood.
Field work (n) /fiːld wɜːk/: Research done in the real world
Example: The geologist collected soil from the mountain as part of his field work.
Gather (v) /ˈgæðə/: Collect
Example: I gathered together my hiking boots, bag and map for the walk in the hills.
In good shape (expr) /ɪn gʊd ʃeɪp/: Fit and healthy
Example: He’s in good shape because he works out at the gym three times a week.
Make for (phr v) /meɪk fə/: Go towards a place
Example: After a busy day at work, Dad made for home.
A bite to eat (expr) /ə baɪt tʊ iːt/: A snack; a meal
Example: I had a bite to eat in the canteen at lunch time.
Head (for) (v) /hed (fə)/: Go in a particular direction
Example: It’s a sunny day and they’re heading for the beach.
Anchor (v) /ˈæŋkə/: Drop an anchor to keep a boat in one place
Example: We anchored the yacht in a pretty cove for the afternoon.
Related forms: anchor (n)
Brief (v) /briːf/: Give information
Example: The principal briefed the staff about the timetable changes.
Related forms: brief (n)
On board (expr) /ɒn bɔːd/: On a plane, ship, or train
Example: When all the passengers were on board, the ship was able to leave port.
Gear (n) /gɪə/: Equipment
Example: The camping gear he bought included a tent, a torch, and a sleeping bag.
Aboard (adv) /əˈbɔːd/: On or onto a plane, ship, bus, or train
Example: There are three hundred passengers aboard this ship.
Carry out (phr v) /ˈkæri aʊt/: Do a task
Example: The scientist carried out an experiment in the lab.
Excavation (n) /ekskəˈveɪʃn/: Digging to find ancient objects
Example: In 2013, an excavation in Leicester revealed the skeleton of King Richard III of England.
Related forms: excavate (v)
Field notes (pl n) /fiːld nəʊtz/: Notes taken to record work
Example: The marine biologist went through her field notes and prepared her report.
Safekeeping (n) /ˈseɪfˈkiːpɪŋ/: Being in a safe place
Example: I locked my jewellery in a drawer for safekeeping.
Modern Living (Page 10)
Vocabulary
Undergo (v) /ʌndəˈgəʊ/: Experience or endure
Example: The skeleton must undergo DNA tests to see if it really is King Richard III.
Rigorous (adj) /ˈrɪgərəs/: Thorough
Example: The athletes followed a rigorous training routine.
Related forms: rigour (n), rigorously (adv)
Dedicated (adj) /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/: Devoted
Example: She is dedicated to her job and always works hard.
Related forms: dedicate (v), dedication (n)
Lend a hand (expr) /lend ə hænd/: Help
Example: Can you lend me a hand with my heavy suitcase?
Snail (n) /ˈsneɪl/: A small soft animal with a shell
Example: A snail crawled along the wet path.
Rinse (v) /rɪns/: Wash with clean water
Example: He rinsed the washing powder out of his shirt and then hung it to dry.
Related forms: rinse (n)
Eager (adj) /ˈiːgə/: Keen; willing
Example: Eager to help, I offered to wash the dishes.
Related forms: eagerness (n), eagerly (adv)
Day-care (n) /deɪ-keə/: Child care during the day
Example: When Shirley goes back to work, she’ll take her toddler to day-care.
Commute (v) /kəˈmjuːt/: Travel to work
Example: He commutes to work because he lives in the suburbs but works in the city centre.
Related forms: commuter (n)
Crusader (n) /kruːˈseɪdə/: A European Christian fighting against Muslims
Example: The crusaders were driven out of the Holy Land.
Related forms: crusade (n, v)
Fragile (adj) /ˈfræʤaɪl/: Delicate; easily damaged
Example: The fragile ecosystem of the coral reef was damaged by pollution.
Related forms: fragility (n)
Make up one’s mind (expr) /meɪk ʌp wʌnz maɪnd/: Decide
Example: He made up his mind about what to study at university in his last year at school.
Occupation (n) /ɒkjʊˈpeɪʃn/: A job
Example: People in professional occupations have to dress very smartly.
Reflect (v) /rɪˈflekt/: Think about something
Example: I need some time to reflect on the problem.
Related forms: reflection (n)
Uneventful (adj) /ʌnɪˈventfəl/: Nothing interesting happening
Example: It was an uneventful day and nothing unusual happened.
Sheltered (adj) /ˈʃeltəd/: Protected
Example: He had a sheltered childhood because his family never socialised outside the neighbourhood.
Related forms: shelter (v, n)
Tie up loose ends (expr) /taɪ ʌp luːs endz/: Complete unfinished tasks
Example: Before starting her new job, Liz had to tie up some loose ends.
In working order (expr) /ɪn ˈwɜːkɪŋ ˈɔːdə/: Working well
Example: The lift isn’t in working order, so you’ll have to use the stairs.
Opposite: out of order
Trawler (n) /ˈtrɔːlə/: A fishing boat that catches fish
Example: The trawler got caught in a storm at sea.
Related forms: trawl (v)
Devastation (n) /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn/: Great damage
Example: The earthquake caused utter devastation in the area.
Related forms: devastate (v)
Vocabulary (Pages 124-125)
Hectic (adj) /ˈhektɪk/: Very busy
Example: The teacher had a hectic Saturday morning cleaning, shopping, cooking and marking.
Provincial (adj) /prəˈvɪnʃl/: In/of the country
Example: The couple moved to a provincial town far from the busy capital.
Related forms: province (n)
Sedentary (adj) /ˈsedəntri/: Spending a lot of time sitting
Example: Sitting all day on the sofa or in front of a laptop is too sedentary a lifestyle for me.
Solitary (adj) /ˈsɒlɪtri/: Alone
Example: She leads a solitary existence living on her own on an island.
Unsophisticated (adj) /ʌnsəˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/: Simple
Example: An unsophisticated lifestyle keeps costs down.
Opposite: sophisticated
Cosmopolitan (adj) /kɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/: Multicultural
Example: London is a cosmopolitan city with many nationalities living there.
Reasonable (adj) /ˈriːzənəbl/: Fairly priced
Example: Five pounds is a reasonable price for a pizza in London.
Related forms: reason (n)
Opposite: unreasonable
Metropolitan (adj) /metrəˈpɒlɪtən/: Of the city
Example: Living in a metropolitan area, I can enjoy everything a city offers.
Sociable (adj) /ˈsəʊʃəbl/: Enjoying socializing
Example: Being sociable, he got to know many people at the party.
Related forms: socialise (v)
Opposite: unsociable
Vocabulary (Page 3)
Vocabulary Continuation
Devoid (of) (adj) /dɪˈvɔɪd (ɒv)/: Lacking; without
Example: Living in the middle of nowhere, she feels her life is devoid of excitement.
Newcomer (n) /ˈnjuːkʌmə/: A person newly arrived
Example: Friendly neighbours welcomed the newcomers to the street with an apple pie.
Pedestrianise (v) /pəˈdestriənaɪz/: Make a street for pedestrians
Example: They pedestrianised the high street and it’s a pleasure to walk there now.
Related forms: pedestrianisation (n), pedestrian (n)
Graduate (v) /ˈgræʤʊeɪt/: Get a university degree
Example: Bob graduated from Harvard with a law degree.
Related forms: graduate (n), graduation (n)
Live out of a suitcase (expr) /lɪv aʊt əv ə ˈsuːtkeɪs/: Stay temporarily
Example: I travel as part of my job, but I hate living out of a suitcase.
Crime rate (n) /kraɪm reɪt/: The amount of crime
Example: Crime rates increased during the financial crisis.
Recovery (n) /rɪˈkɒvəri/: Becoming well
Example: We were happy to hear of your quick recovery from the flu.
Related forms: recover (v)
Hit the road (expr) /hɪt ðə rəʊd/: Start a journey
Example: We should hit the road early tomorrow before the rush hour.
Income (n) /ˈɪnkʌm/: Money earned from work
Example: The family struggles to survive on a low income.
Hardship (n) /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/: Difficulties
Example: They are facing hardship in the cold winter because they cannot afford heating.
Get by (phr v) /get baɪ/: Have enough money to live
Example: The elderly couple tries to get by on 500 euros a month.
Excel (v) /ɪkˈsel/: Do very well
Example: He excels at maths and won an award in the school maths competition.
Related forms: excellence (n), excellent (adj)
Outdo (v) /ˌaʊtˈduː/: Perform better than others
Example: He tried to outdo his classmates by getting the highest mark.
Climb the corporate ladder (expr) /klaɪm ðə ˈkɔːpərət ˈlædə/: Get promotion
Example: The young employee climbed the corporate ladder to become personal assistant to the boss.
Colleague (n) /ˈkɒliːg/: A person you work with
Example: My colleagues organised an office party for Christmas.
Ruin (v) /ˈruːɪn/: Destroy
Example: The injury ruined the athlete’s chances of competing at the Olympics.
Related forms: ruin (n)
Spoil (v) /spɔɪl/: Give a child everything it wants
Example: Charlie is difficult and rude because his mother spoils him.
Related forms: spoilt (adj)
Fledgling (adj) /ˈfleʤlɪŋ/: New and inexperienced
Example: The fledgling online store gradually started to receive orders.
Susceptible (adj) /sʌˈseptɪbl/: Easily influenced or harmed
Example: I'm susceptible to colds so I stay indoors when it's snowing.
Related forms: susceptibility (n)
Siren’s call (expr) /ˈsaɪrənz kɔːl/: Temptation with bad consequences
Example: You must turn your back on the siren’s call of an easy life.
Culprit (n) /ˈkʌlprɪt/: A person blamed for something
Example: I returned to the car park to find that my car had been damaged and the culprit had fled.
To a lesser extent (expr) /tʊ ə ˈlesə ɪkˈstent/: To a smaller degree
Example: They were eager to visit Paris and, to a lesser extent, London.
Couch-bound (adj) /ˈkaʊʧ-bəʊnd/: Sitting on a sofa for a long time
Example: We were couch-bound in front of the TV all day as it was too wet to go out.
Obsess (v) /ɒbˈses/: Think about one thing excessively
Example: The model obsessed over her weight to an unhealthy degree.
Related forms: obsession (n), obsessive (adj)
Browse (v) /ˈbraʊz/: Search for information online
Example: Browsing online can be fun as you surf from one website to another.
Related forms: browser (n)
Irritable (adj) /ˈɪrɪtəbl/: Bad-tempered
Example: The irritable teacher shouted at the pupils.
Related forms: irritability (n)
Mood-altering (adj) /muːd-ˈɔːltərɪŋ/: Causing mood changes
Example: This is a highly-addictive, mood-altering drug.
Bounce back (phr v) /baʊns bæk/: Recover from a bad situation
Example: The company bounced back in the second quarter to make a profit.
Do without (phr v) /duː wɪðˈaʊt/: Cope without something
Example: We must learn to do without a car since we can’t afford to run it.
Continuous Vocabulary (Page 4)
Verb Phrasal Forms
Pull together (phr v) /pʊl təˈgeðə/: Work as a team
Example: The employees pulled together to make the company more successful.
Wear sb down (phr v) /weə ˈsʌmbədi daʊn/: Make someone weaker
Example: The long commute to work every day really wears me down.
Strain (n) /streɪn/: Pressure
Example: The stress and strain of the new job is too much for him.
Burn the candle at both ends (expr) /bɜːn də ˈkændl æt bəʊθ endz/: Live a hectic life
Example: Diana is burning the candle at both ends by going out every night after work.
Hit rock bottom (expr) /hɪt rɒk ˈbɒtəm/: Become very unsuccessful
Example: He hit rock bottom when he ended up homeless.
Keep your head above water (expr) /kiːp jɔː hed əˈbʌv ˈwɔːtə/: Survive financially
Example: She got a second job to keep her head above water.
Run yourself into the ground (expr) /rʌn jəˈself ˈɪntʊ ðə graʊnd/: Become extremely tired
Example: Geena ran herself into the ground working day and night on her project.
Throw in the towel (expr) /θrəʊ ɪn ðə ˈtaʊəl/: Realise you must give up
Example: The athlete threw in the towel when he came last in the semi-final.
Pace (n) /peɪs/: Speed
Example: You must work at a faster pace to finish the task.
Admit defeat (expr) /ædˈmɪt dɪˈfiːt/: Realise you cannot win
Example: The football team admitted defeat when they were down 5-0.
Grammar (Pages 126-127)
Grammar Vocabulary
Promotion (n) /prəˈməʊʃn/: Move to a more important job
Example: His promotion from assistant manager to manager was expected.
Related forms: promote (v)
Shopping district (n) /ˈʃɒpɪŋ ˈdɪstrɪkt/: Part of a city with many shops
Example: The main shopping district in Athens is around Ermou Street.
Hard to come by (expr) /hɑːd tə kʌm baɪ/: Difficult to find
Example: Well-paid jobs are hard to come by these days.
Think outside the box (expr) /θɪŋk aʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɒks/: Think uniquely
Example: To innovate, you need to think outside the box.
Initiative (n) /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/: Ability to act independently
Example: The student showed initiative when he did some research alone in the library.
Assess (v) /əˈses/: Make a judgment
Example: The teacher assessed the students’ progress by setting a test.
Related forms: assessment (n)
Pursue (v) /pəˈsjuː/: Follow
Example: The employer decided to pursue two candidates for a second interview.
Related forms: pursuit (n)
Brand new (adj) /brænd njuː/: Completely new
Example: These shoes are brand new, so don’t dirty them.
Tonsils (pl n) /ˈtɒnsəlz/: Glands at the back of the throat
Example: The doctor says I’ve got swollen tonsils.
Related forms: tonsilitis (n)
Satellite dish (n) /ˈsætəlaɪt dɪʃ/: Receives satellite signals
Example: We installed a satellite dish on our roof.
Rail (n) /reɪlz/: Metal bar part of a fence
Example: I chained my bicycle to the rails at the front of the station.
Work-related Words (Page 128)
Related Verbs
Brief
Commute
Juggle
Retire
Related Nouns
Colleague
Occupation
Promotion
Related Adjectives
Dedicated
Eager
Hectic
Listening Vocabulary (Page 129)
Vocabulary Phrases
Slog it out (expr) /slɒg ɪt aʊt/: Work hard
Example: He slogged it out all week preparing the sales figures.
Land a part (expr) /lænd ə pɑːt/: Get a role
Example: The actress was pleased to land a part in a BBC series.
Climb up the career ladder (expr) /klaɪm ʌp ðə kəˈrɪə ˈlædə/: Get promoted
Example: You’ll be climbing up the career ladder if you become the department supervisor.
Agricultural (adj) /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/: Related to farming
Example: Greece is an agricultural country that produces olives and grapes.
Related forms: agriculture (n)