Unit One

Notes before sending… (Missing basic feedback loops, know the basics to feed backloops)

UNIT 1: INTRO TO A&P — OVERVIEW

  • Anatomy → Study of body structures

  • Gross Anatomy → Study of large, visible body structures

  • Microanatomy → Study of structures seen with a microscope

  • Histology → Study of tissues

  • Cytology → Study of cells

  • Physiology → Study of how body parts function

  • Organ System → Group of organs working together

  • Organ → Structure made of tissues that performs a specific function

  • Tissue → Group of similar cells performing a common function

  • Cell → Basic unit of life

  • Homeostasis → Maintenance of a stable internal environment

  • Dynamic Equilibrium → Balance where gains and losses are equal

  • Stimulus → Change that triggers a response

  • Receptor → Sensor that detects a stimulus

  • Control Center → Processes information and decides a response

  • Effector → Organ or structure that carries out the response

  • Negative Feedback Loop → Response reverses the original change to maintain stability

  • Positive Feedback Loop → Response amplifies the original change

  • Set Point → Normal range a body condition stays within

REGIONAL TERMS

Head & Neck

  • Cephalic → Head

  • Frontal → Forehead

  • Orbital → Eye area

  • Nasal → Nose

  • Oral → Mouth

  • Buccal → Cheek

  • Mental → Chin

  • Otic → Ear

  • Occipital → Back of the head

  • Cervical → Neck

Trunk

  • Thoracic → Chest

  • Axillary → Armpit

  • Abdominal → Belly

  • Umbilical → Belly button area

  • Pelvic → Area between the hips

  • Pubic → Genital region

Upper & Lower Limbs

  • Brachial → Upper arm

  • Antebrachial → Forearm

  • Carpal → Wrist

  • Digital → Fingers or toes

BODY PLANES

  • Body Plane → Imaginary flat surface dividing the body

  • Sagittal Plane → Divides the body into left and right halves

  • Frontal (Coronal) Plane → Divides the body into front and back sections

  • Transverse Plane → Divides the body into upper and lower halves

BODY CAVITIES

  • Body Cavity → Space that contains and protects organs

  • Cranial Cavity → Contains the brain

  • Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity → Contains the spinal cord

  • Thoracic Cavity → Contains heart and lungs

  • Abdominal Cavity → Contains digestive organs

  • Pelvic Cavity → Contains bladder and reproductive organs