21st Century Literature Notes

Midterm Topics

  • 21st Century Philippine Literature

Endterm Topics

  • 21st Century World Literature

Midterm Orientation

  • Philippine Literature History + Literary Elements and Devices
  • Literary Criticism + Genres
  • Literary Analysis (Text-Luzon)
  • Literary Analysis (Song-Visayas/Mindanao)

Important Visayan (Bisaya) Phrases:

  • Maayong buntag - Good morning
  • Maayong udto - Good noon
  • Walay sapayan - You’re welcome
  • Pasayloa ko - I'm sorry
  • Nindot kaayo ang adlaw! - It’s a beautiful day!
  • Gimingaw ko nimo. - I miss you.
  • Nasuko ko. - I’m angry.
  • Malipayong adlaw kanimo! - Happy birthday to you!
  • Gwapa/gwapo kaayo ka. - You’re so beautiful.
  • Amping! - Take care!
  • Hangtod sa sunod! - Until next time!
  • Unsa imong ngalan? - What is your name?
  • Nag-unsa na ka? - What are you doing?
  • Nagkaon na ka? - Have you eaten?
  • Ambot sa imo. - I don’t know what’s up with you.

Kasing-Kasing

  • Meaning: "heart" in Visayan languages (Cebuano, Hiligaynon, etc.).
  • Literal Use: The physical organ.
    • Example: Ang kasing-kasing mao ang nagapump sa dugo. (The heart is what pumps the blood.)
  • Figurative Use: Emotions, feelings, or inner self.
    • Example: Gikan gayud sa akong kasing-kasing ang akong pasalamat. (My gratitude truly comes from my heart.)

Analysis of the Song "Kasing Kasing (feat. Kyle Echarri)"

  • The song appears to be about heartbreak and lost love.
  • The lyrics express feelings of betrayal and pain.
  • The singer is now afraid to love again because of the experience.
  • The repetition of "Kasingkasing, paghigugma" (heart, love) suggests a plea or yearning for love despite the pain.

Bagani

  • Meaning: A warrior, brave defender, or hero in pre-colonial Philippine society, especially among Mindanaoan and Lumad groups (Manobo, Bagobo).
  • Role: Protector of the community, upholder of justice, and leader earned respect through courage and noble deeds.

Analysis of the Song "Bagani"

  • The song uses the term "Bagani" to describe a person who is brave and willing to sacrifice for love.
  • Lyrics: focus on offering oneself (blood) for the beloved.
  • Metaphor: Compares the beloved to a magnet (batobalani) of love, worth risking one's life for.
  • Message: Highlights the willingness to give everything for a chosen treasure (the beloved).