Fundamental Properties of the Atomic Nucleus and Atomic Number

Definition and Composition of Nucleons

  • Definition of Nucleons: The particles which are present into the nucleus are called as Nucleons.

  • Constituent Particles: While protons and neutrons are the primary components, some other particles are also considered as nucleons, including:

    • Positron

    • Meason

    • Gebaran

    • Neurion

  • Question and Answer Context (Q30):

    • Question: The Nucleons are the…

    • Options provided:

      1. Only proton

      2. Only neutron

      3. Only election

      4. Only neutron and proton,

      5. proton, neutrom and some other particles

    • The correct descriptive answer based on the transcript is option 55: proton, neutrom and some other particles.

Atomic Number (ZZ)

  • Primary Definition: Atomic number is defined as the number of protons present into the nucleus.

  • Neutral Atom Property: In a neutral atom, the atomic number is equal to the number of neutroms in neutral atom electrons.

  • Scientific Determination and Discovery:

    • Jeffry Moseley: He determined the atomic number values for most of atoms using X-rays.

    • Moseley's Observation: He observed that the number of positive charge in the nucleus increases in the successive atom by a single electrom unit.

  • Significance in Chemistry:

    • The atomic number is considered the specific number of elements.

    • In the modern periodic table, the elements are mainly arranged in the increasing order of atornic number.