AS Level Latin Defined Vocabulary List for H043/01 Language

AS Level Latin Language Requirements and Competencies

• Mandatory Vocabulary Scope: The defined vocabulary list is specifically required for the AS Level Latin (H043/01) Language component.

• Derivative Knowledge: Candidates are expected to recognize words not explicitly listed if they have obvious English derivatives, such as densus or theatrum.

• Morphological Expectations: Candidates must be familiar with the following forms in addition to the base words listed:

  • All regular adverbs derived from the provided adjectives.
  • Comparative and superlative forms of all listed adjectives and their corresponding adverbs.
  • Common proper nouns with obvious formations, such as Romani and Britannia.
  • Cardinal and ordinal numbers as specified in the Accidence and Syntax (Appendix 5e) of the OCR Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Latin.

• Compound Verbs:

  • Compound verbs are not glossed if the prefix does not alter the root meaning (e.g., circumvenio).
  • Verbs with prefixes that create significant meaning changes (e.g., circumdo, meaning "I surround") are glossed.
  • Candidates must understand regular formations using common prefixes, including associated vowel and consonant changes.

Prefix Usage and Semantic Categories

• Standard Prefixes and Meanings:

  • a-, ab-: Signifies "away" (e.g., abeo, I go away).
  • con-: Signifies "together" (e.g., confero, I bring together, collect).
  • de-: Signifies "down" (e.g., desilio, I jump down).
  • ex-: Signifies "out" (e.g., exeo, I go out).
  • in-: Signifies "not" (e.g., infelix, unlucky).
  • per-: Signifies "thoroughly" or "very" (e.g., persaepe, very often).
  • pro-: Signifies "forward(s)" (e.g., promoveo, I move forward).
  • re-: Signifies "back" or "again" (e.g., remitto, I send back).

• Classification of Vocabulary: Words are categorized by their primary usage context, including:

  • General: Common vocabulary.
  • Military: Terms related to warfare, troops, and the army.
  • Political: Terms related to the state, rank, and governance.
  • Domestic: Terms related to the household, family, and home life.
  • Legal: Terms related to crime, law, and court proceedings.
  • Religious: Terms related to gods, spirits, and altars.

Defined Vocabulary List: A

• a, ab (+ abl, prep, General): from, by.
• absum (abesse, afui, verb irreg, General): be absent, be away, be distant.
• ac, atque (indeclinable, conjunction, General): and.
• accido (accidere, accidi, verb 3, General): happen.
• accipio (accipere, accepi, acceptus, verb 3, General): accept, take in, receive, hear.
• acer (acris, acre, adj, General): keen, sharp, fierce.
• acies (aciei, f, noun 5, Military): line, battle line, army.
• ad (+ acc, prep, General): to, towards, at, about, near.
• addo (addere, addidi, additus, verb 3, General): add, join.
• adeo (indeclinable, adverb, General): so much, so greatly, to such an extent.
• adhuc (indeclinable, adverb, General): till now, still.
• adimo (adimere, ademi, ademptus, verb 3, General): take away, remove.
• adipiscor (adipisci, adeptus sum, verb 3 dep, General): obtain.
• adiuvo (adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus, verb 1, General): help.
• adsum (adesse, adfui, verb irreg, General): be here, be present.
• adulescens (adulescentis, m, noun 3, General): youth, young man.
• advenio (advenire, adveni, verb 4, General): arrive.
• adversus (+ acc, prep, General): against, towards.
• adversus (adverb, General): against, opposite.
• aedificium (aedificii, n, noun 2, General): building.
• aedifico (aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus, verb 1, General): build.
• aequus (aequa, aequum, adj, General): equal, fair, favourable, calm.
• ager (agri, m, noun 2, General): field, land, territory.
• aggredior (aggredi, aggressus sum, verb 3 dep, Military): attack, approach.
• agmen (agminis, n, noun 3, Military): column of men, army.
• ago (agere, egi, actus, verb 3, General): do, act, drive.
• gratias ago (verb phrase, General): thank, give thanks.
• aliquis (aliquid, pron, General): someone, something, anyone, anything.
• alius (alia, aliud, pron and adj, General): other, one, another, else.
• alii … alii (pron, General): some … others.
• alter (altera, alterum, pron and adj, General): the other, one (of two), another, a second.
• altus (alta, altum, adj, General): high, deep.
• ambulo (ambulare, ambulavi, verb 1, General): walk.
• amica (amicae, f, noun 1, General): girl-friend, female friend.
• amicus (amici, m, noun 2, General): friend.
• amitto (amitterere, amisi, amissus, verb 3, General): lose.
• amo (amare, amavi, amatus, verb 1, General): love, like.
• amor (amoris, m, noun 3, General): love.
• an (indeclinable, conjunction, General): or.
• ancilla (ancillae, f, noun 1, Domestic): slave-girl, slave-woman.
• angustus (angusta, angustum, adj, General): narrow, confined.
• animadverto (animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus, verb 3, General): notice, observe.
• animus (animi, m, noun 2, General): spirit, soul, mind, courage.
• annus (anni, m, noun 2, General): year.
• ante (+ acc, prep, General): before, in front of.
• antea (indeclinable, adverb, General): before, previously.
• antequam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): before.
• aperio (aperire, aperui, apertus, verb 4, General): open, reveal, disclose.
• appareo (apparere, apparui, verb 2, General): appear.
• appropinquo (appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat, verb 1, General): approach, come near to.
• apud (+ acc, prep, Domestic): among, at the house of, according to, in the opinion of.
• aqua (aquae, f, noun 1, General): water.
• aquila (aquilae, f, noun 1, Military): eagle, standard.
• ara (arae, f, noun 1, Religious): altar.
• arbor (arboris, f, noun 3, General): tree.
• arcesso (arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus, verb 3, General): summon, send for.
• argentum (argenti, n, noun 2, General): silver, money.
• arma (armorum, n pl, noun 2, Military): arms, weapons, armour.
• ars (artis, f, noun 3, General): art, skill.
• ascendo (ascendere, ascendi, ascensus, verb 3, General): climb, go up.
• at (indeclinable, conjunction, General): but.
• attonitus (attonita, attonitum, adj, General): astonished, thunder-struck.
• audax (audacis, adj, Military): bold, daring.
• audeo (audere, ausus sum, verb semi-dep, Military): dare.
• audio (audire, audivi, auditus, verb 4, General): hear, listen to.
• aufero (auferre, abstuli, ablatus, verb 3, General): take away, carry off, steal.
• augeo (augere, auxi, auctus, verb 2, General): increase, exaggerate.
• aut (indeclinable, conjunction, General): or, either.
• autem (indeclinable, conjunction, General): but, however.
• auxilium (auxilii, n, noun 2, Military): help; (pl) (auxiliary) troops.

Defined Vocabulary List: B - C

• bellum (belli, n, noun 2, Military): war.
• bene (indeclinable, adverb, General): well.
• beneficium (beneficii, n, noun 2, General): kindness, service, favour.
• bibo (bibere, bibi, verb 3, Domestic): drink.
• bis (indeclinable, adverb, General): twice.
• bona (bonorum, n pl, noun 2, General): goods, possessions, property.
• bonus (bona, bonum, adj, General): good.
• brevis (breve, adj, General): short, brief.
• cado (cadere, cecidi, casus, verb 3, General): fall, perish.
• caedes (caedis, f, noun 3, Military): slaughter, killing, murder.
• caelum (caeli, n, noun 2, Religious): sky, heaven.
• campus (campi, m, noun 2, Military): plain, field.
• canis (canis, m and f, noun 3, Domestic): dog.
• cano (canere, cecini, cantus, verb 3, General): sing, sound, play (of trumpets etc.).
• capio (capere, cepi, captus; in compounds -icio, verb 3, Military): take, catch, capture.
• captivus (captivi, m, noun 2, Military): captive, prisoner.
• caput (capitis, n, noun 3, General): head, person, life, capital.
• carus (cara, carum, adj, Domestic): dear.
• castra (castrorum, n pl, noun 2, Military): camp.
• causa (causae, f, noun 1, Legal): cause, reason, case.
• causa (+ gen, noun 1, General): for the sake of.
• caveo (cavere, cavi, cautus, verb 2, General): beware (of), take care.
• cedo (cedere, cessi, cessus, verb 3, Military): yield, give up; (in compounds) go.
• celer (celeris, celere, adj, General): quick.
• celo (celare, celavi, celatus, verb 1, General): hide, conceal.
• cena (cenae, f, noun 1, Domestic): dinner, meal.
• centurio (centurionis, m, noun 3, Military): centurion.
• cerno (cernere, crevi, cretus, verb 3, General): see, perceive, decree.
• certamen (certaminis, n, noun 3, Military): contest, battle, struggle.
• certus (certa, certum, adj, General): certain, sure, fixed.
• certiorem facere (verb phrase, General): inform.
• ceteri (ceterae, cetera, adj, General): the rest, the other.
• cibus (cibi, m, noun 2, Domestic): food.
• cingo (cingere, cinxi, cinctus, verb 3, General): surround, enclose, gird.
• circum, circa (+ acc, prep, General): around, about.
• civis (civis, m and f, noun 3, Political): citizen.
• civitas (civitatis, f, noun 3, Political): citizenship, state, city, tribe.
• clades (cladis, f, noun 3, Military): disaster, loss, defeat.
• clam (indeclinable, adverb, General): secretly.
• clamo (clamare, clamavi, clamatus, verb 1, General): shout, exclaim, proclaim.
• clamor (clamoris, m, noun 3, General): shout, uproar, noise.
• clarus (clara, clarum, adj, General): clear, famous, distinguished.
• coepi (coepisse, coeptus, verb defective, General): began.
• cogito (cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus, verb 1, General): think, consider.
• cognosco (cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus, verb 3, General): get to know, find out, learn.
• cogo (cogere, coegi, coactus, verb 3, General): force, compel, drive, assemble.
• cohors (cohortis, f, noun 3, Military): cohort, company.
• colo (colere, colui, cultus, verb 3, General): cultivate, worship, honour.
• comes (comitis, m and f, noun 3, Military): comrade, companion.
• committo (committere, commisi, commissus, verb 3, Military): commit, fight, begin (battle).
• comparo (comparare, comparavi, comparatus, verb 1, General): prepare, provide, obtain, compare.
• condemno (condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus, verb 1, Legal): convict, condemn.
• condo (condere, condidi, conditus, verb 3, General): found, establish, hide.
• confero (conferre, contuli, conlatus, verb irreg, General): collect, compare, contribute, bestow.
• conficio (conficere, confeci, confectus, verb 3, General): complete, wear out.
• confido (confidere, confisus sum + dat, verb semi-dep, General): trust, believe, have confidence (in).
• coniunx (coniugis, m and f, noun 3, Domestic): husband, wife, spouse.
• conor (conari, conatus sum, verb 1 dep, General): try.
• consilium (consilii, n, noun 2, Political): council, plan, advice, prudence.
• consisto (consistere, constiti, constitus, verb 3, Military): halt, stand, stand firm.
• conspicio (conspicere, conspexi, conspectus, verb 3, General): notice, observe, see.
• constituo (constituere, constitui, constitutus, verb 3, General): decide, establish.
• consul (consulis, m, noun 3, Political): consul.
• consulo (consulere, consului, consultus, verb 3, General): consult, consider, advise.
• consumo (consumere, consumpsi, consumptus, verb 3, General): eat, consume, spend.
• contendo (contendere, contendi, contentus, verb 3, Military): hurry, march, contend, fight.
• contra (+ acc, prep, Military): against.
• copiae (copiarum, f pl, noun 1, Military): troops, forces, supplies.
• corpus (corporis, n, noun 3, General): body.
• corripio (corripere, corripui, correptus, verb 3, Military): seize, carry off.
• cotidie (indeclinable, adverb, General): every day, daily.
• cras (indeclinable, adverb, General): tomorrow.
• credo (credere, credidi, creditus + dat, verb 3, General): believe, trust, entrust.
• crimen (criminis, n, noun 3, Legal): accusation, charge, crime.
• crudelis (crudele, adj, General): cruel.
• culpa (culpae, f, noun 1, General): fault, blame.
• cum (indeclinable, conjunction, General): when, since, although.
• cum (+ abl, prep, General): with.
• cunctus (cuncta, cunctum, adj, General): all, whole.
• cupidus (cupida, cupidum + gen, adj, General): eager (for), greedy.
• cupio (cupere, cupivi, cupitus, verb 3, General): desire, wish, want.
• cur? (indeclinable, adverb, General): why?
• cura (curae, f, noun 1, General): care, charge, anxiety.
• curo (curare, curavi, curatus, verb 1, General): care for, cure; with gerundive = get something done.
• curro (currere, cucurri, cursus, verb 3, General): run.
• custodio (custodire, custodivi, custoditus, verb 4, Military): guard.
• custos (custodis, m and f, noun 3, Military): guard.

Defined Vocabulary List: D - F

• de (+ abl, prep, General): about, from, down from.
• dea (deae, f, noun 1, Religious): goddess.
• debeo (debere, debui, debitus, verb 2, General): owe, ought.
• decipio (decipere, decepi, deceptus, verb 3, General): deceive.
• defendo (defendere, defendi, defensus, verb 3, Military): defend.
• defessus (defessa, defessum, adj, General): tired.
• deinde, dein (indeclinable, adverb, General): then, next, afterwards.
• deleo (delere, delevi, deletus, verb 2, Military): destroy.
• denique (indeclinable, adverb, General): at last, finally, in short.
• descendo (descendere, descendi, descensus, verb 3, General): descend, come down.
• desino (desinere, desii, desitus, verb 3, General): cease.
• despero (desperare, desperavi, desperatus, verb 1, General): despair.
• deus (dei, m, noun 2, Religious): god.
• dexter (dextra, dextrum, adj, General): right, on the right, right hand.
• dextra (dextrae, f, noun 1, General): right hand, right side.
• dico (dicere, dixi, dictus, verb 3, General): say, speak, tell.
• dies (diei, m, occasionally f, noun 5, General): day.
• difficilis (difficile, adj, General): difficult.
• dignitas (dignitatis, f, noun 3, Political): rank, dignity, importance, honour.
• dignus (digna, dignum + abl, adj, General): worthy (of), deserving (of).
• diligens (diligentis, adj, General): careful, diligent.
• dimitto (dimittere, dimisi, dimissus, verb 3, Military): dismiss, scatter.
• dirus (dira, dirum, adj, General): dreadful.
• discedo (discedere, discessi, verb 3, General): depart, leave.
• disco (discere, didici, verb 3, General): learn.
• dissimilis (dissimile, adj, General): different.
• diu (indeclinable, adverb, General): for a long time.
• dives (divitis, adj, General): rich.
• divitiae (divitiarum, f pl, noun 1, General): riches, wealth.
• divido (dividere, divisi, divisus, verb 3, General): divide, separate.
• do (dare, dedi, datus, verb 1, General): give.
• doceo (docere, docui, doctus, verb 2, General): teach, inform.
• doleo (dolere, dolui, verb 2, General): hurt, be in pain, lament.
• dolor (doloris, m, noun 3, General): pain, sorrow, anger.
• dolus (doli, m, noun 2, General): trick, fraud.
• domina (dominae, f, noun 2, Domestic): mistress.
• dominus (domini, m, noun 2, Domestic): master.
• domus (domus, f, noun 4, Domestic): house, home.
• donum (doni, n, noun 2, General): gift, present.
• dormio (dormire, dormivi, verb 4, Domestic): sleep.
• dubito (dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus, verb 1, General): doubt, hesitate.
• dubius (dubia, dubium, adj, General): doubtful, wavering, uncertain.
• duco (ducere, duxi, ductus, verb 3, Military): lead, take, marry, consider.
• dum (indeclinable, conjunction, General): while, until, provided that.
• durus (dura, durum, adj, General): hard, harsh, rough.
• dux (ducis, m, noun 3, Military): leader, general, ruler.
• e, ex (+ abl, prep, General): from, out of; (in compounds) out.
• efficio (efficere, effeci, effectus, verb 3, General): carry out, accomplish.
• effugio (effugere, effugi, verb 3, Military): escape.
• egeo (egere, egui + gen or abl, verb 2, General): need, be in want of, lack.
• ego (mei, pron, General): I, me.
• egredior (egredi, egressus sum, verb 3 dep, General): go out, come out.
• emo (emere, emi, emptus, verb 3, General): buy.
• enim (indeclinable, conjunction, General): for.
• eo (indeclinable, adverb, General): thither.
• eo (ire, i(v)i, verb irreg, General): go.
• epistula (epistulae, f, noun 1, General): letter.
• eques (equitis, m, noun 3, Military): knight, horseman, (pl) cavalry.
• equus (equi, m, noun 2, Military): horse.
• erga (+ acc, prep, General): towards.
• ergo (indeclinable, adverb, General): therefore.
• erro (errare, erravi, erratus, verb 1, General): wander, make a mistake.
• et (indeclinable, conjunction, General): and, both.
• etiam (indeclinable, adverb, General): also, even, still.
• etsi (indeclinable, conjunction, General): although.
• excipio (excipere, excepi, exceptus, verb 3, General): receive, take, welcome.
• excito (excitare, excitavi, excitatus, verb 1, General): wake, rouse, excite.
• exemplum (exempli, n, noun 2, General): example, precedent.
• exercitus (exercitus, m, noun 4, Military): army.
• exilium (exilii, n, noun 2, Political): exile.
• exitium (exitii, n, noun 2, General): ruin, destruction.
• exspecto (exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus, verb 1, General): wait for, expect.
• extra (+ acc, prep & adverb, General): outside, beyond.
• facilis (facile, adj, General): easy.
• facinus (facinoris, n, noun 3, Legal): crime, outrage, deed.
• facio (facere, feci, factus; in compounds -ficio, verb 3, General): make, do.
• fallo (fallere, fefelli, falsus, verb 3, General): deceive, cheat.
• fama (famae, f, noun 1, General): rumour, fame, glory.
• familia (familiae, f, noun 1, Domestic): family, household.
• faveo (favere, favi + dat, verb 2, General): favour, support.
• felix (felicis, adj, General): fortunate, happy, prosperous.
• femina (feminae, f, noun 1, General): woman.
• fere (indeclinable, adverb, General): nearly, about.
• fero (ferre, tuli, latus, verb irreg, General): bear, carry, bring, say.
• ferox (ferocis, adj, Military): fierce, cruel, brave.
• ferrum (ferri, n, noun 2, Military): iron, sword.
• festino (festinare, festinavi, verb 1, General): hurry.
• fidelis (fidele, adj, General): trustworthy, faithful, loyal.
• fides (fidei, f, noun 5, General): trust, faith, confidence, loyalty.
• fido (fidere, fisus sum + dat or abl, verb 3 semi-dep, General): trust, rely upon.
• filia (filiae, f, noun 1, Domestic): daughter.
• filius (filii, m, noun 2, Domestic): son.
• finis (finis, m, noun 3, General): end, boundary, (pl) territory.
• fio (fieri, factus sum, verb irreg, General): become, be made, happen.
• flamma (flammae, f, noun 1, General): blaze, flame, passion.
• flumen (fluminis, n, noun 3, General): river.
• foedus (foederis, n, noun 3, Military): treaty, agreement.
• fortasse (indeclinable, adverb, General): perhaps.
• forte (indeclinable, adverb, General): by chance.
• fortis (forte, adj, Military): brave, strong, bold.
• fortuna (fortunae, f, noun 1, Religious): fate, luck, fortune (good or bad).
• forum (fori, n, noun 2, General): forum, market place.
• frango (frangere, fregi, fractus, verb 3, General): break, crush.
• frater (fratris, m, noun 3, Domestic): brother.
• frigus (frigoris, n, noun 3, General): cold.
• frumentum (frumenti, n, noun 2, General): corn, grain.
• frustra (indeclinable, adverb, General): in vain.
• fuga (fugae, f, noun 1, Military): flight, escape.
• fugio (fugere, fugi, verb 3, Military): flee, run away (from), avoid.
• fundo (fundere, fudi, fusus, verb 3, Military): pour, shed, rout.
• furor (furoris, m, noun 3, General): rage, fury, madness, passion.

Defined Vocabulary List: G - I

• gaudeo (gaudere, gavisus sum, verb 2 semi-dep, General): rejoice.
• gaudium (gaudii, n, noun 2, General): joy, delight.
• gens (gentis, f, noun 3, General): race, people, family, tribe, nation.
• genus (generis, n, noun 3, General): race, descent, birth, kind.
• gero (gerere, gessi, gestus, verb 3, Military): bear, wear, wage war, manage.
• gladius (gladii, m, noun 2, Military): sword.
• gratia (gratiae, f, noun 1, General): favour, thanks, esteem.
• gratias ago (verb phrase, General): thank, give thanks.
• gravis (grave, adj, General): heavy, serious, painful, important.
• habeo (habere, habui, habitus, verb 2, General): have, hold, consider.
• habito (habitare, habitavi, habitatus, verb 1, Domestic): live, dwell.
• hasta (hastae, f, noun 1, Military): spear.
• haud (indeclinable, adverb, General): not.
• heri (indeclinable, adverb, General): yesterday.
• hic (haec, hoc, pron, General): this.
• hic (indeclinable, adverb, General): here.
• hiems (hiemis, f, noun 3, General): winter, storm.
• hinc (indeclinable, adverb, General): from here, hence, henceforth.
• hodie (indeclinable, adverb, General): today.
• homo (hominis, m, noun 3, General): man, person.
• honor (honoris, m, noun 3, Military): honour, esteem, glory.
• hora (horae, f, noun 1, General): hour.
• hortor (hortari, hortatus sum, verb 1 dep, Military): urge, encourage.
• hortus (horti, m, noun 2, Domestic): garden.
• hospes (hospitis, m, noun 3, Domestic): guest, host.
• hostis (hostis, m, noun 3, Military): enemy.
• huc (indeclinable, adverb, General): here, to this place.
• humus (humi, f, noun 2, General): ground, earth.
• iaceo (iacere, iacui, verb 2, General): lie (down).
• iacio (iacere, ieci, iactus; in compounds -icio, verb 3, Military): throw.
• iam (indeclinable, adverb, General): now, already.
• non iam (indeclinable, adverb, General): no longer.
• ibi (indeclinable, adverb, General): there, then.
• idem (eadem, idem, pron, General): the same.
• idoneus (idonea, idoneum, adj, General): suitable, convenient.
• igitur (indeclinable, adverb, General): therefore, and so.
• ignis (ignis, m, noun 3, General): fire.
• ignoro (ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratus, verb 1, General): do not know, be ignorant, misunderstand.
• ille (illa, illud, pron, General): that, he, she, it.
• illic (indeclinable, adverb, General): there.
• impedio (impedire, impedivi, impeditus, verb 4, Military): delay, hinder, prevent, hamper.
• imperator (imperatoris, m, noun 3, Political): emperor, general, leader.
• imperium (imperii, n, noun 2, Political): command, power, empire.
• impero (imperare, imperavi, imperatus + dat, verb 1, Military): order, command.
• impetus (impetus, m, noun 4, Military): attack, impulse.
• in (+ abl, prep, General): in, on.
• in (+ acc, prep, General): into, onto, against, towards.
• incendium (incendii, n, noun 2, General): fire.
• incendo (incendere, incendi, incensus, verb 3, General): burn, set on fire, inflame, rouse.
• incipio (incipere, incepi, inceptus, verb 3, General): begin.
• incito (incitare, incitavi, incitatus, verb 1, Military): urge on, arouse, encourage.
• inde (indeclinable, adverb, General): from there, thereupon, next.
• infero (inferre, intuli, illatus/inlatus, verb irreg, Military): inflict, bring to, cause, carry against.
• signa inferre (verb phrase, Military): attack, charge.
• bellum inferre (+ dat, verb phrase, Military): make war on.
• infra (+ acc, prep & adverb, General): below, beneath.
• ingenium (ingenii, n, noun 2, General): character, ability.
• ingens (ingentis, adj, General): huge.
• ingredior (ingredi, egressus sum, verb 3 dep, General): enter, undertake.
• inimicus (inimici, m, noun 2, General): (personal) enemy.
• iniquus (iniqua, iniquum, adj, General): unfair, unjust, unfavourable.
• initium (initii, n, noun 2, General): beginning.
• iniuria (iniuriaae, f, noun 1, Legal): injustice, injury, wrong.
• inopia (inopiae, f, noun 1, Military): shortage, lack, poverty.
• inquam (inquit, inquiunt, verb irreg, General): say.
• insidiae (insidiarum, f pl, noun 1, Military): ambush, trap, trick.
• insignis (insigne, adj, General): distinguished, glorious.
• inspicio (inspicere, inspexi, inspectus, verb 3, Military): look at, inspect, examine.
• instruo (instruere, instruxi, instructus, verb 3, Military): draw up, prepare, equip, supply.
• insula (insulae, f, noun 1, Domestic): island, block (of apartments).
• intellego (intellegere, intellexi, intellectus, verb 3, General): understand, perceive, realise.
• inter (+ acc, prep, General): between, among.
• interea, interim (indeclinable, adverb, General): meanwhile, in the meantime.
• interficio (interficere, interfeci, interfectus, verb 3, Military): kill.
• intra (+ acc, prep, General): inside, within.
• intro (intrare, intravi, intratus, verb 1, General): enter.
• invenio (invenire, inveni, inventus, verb 4, General): find, discover.
• invito (invitare, invitavi, invitatus, verb 1, General): invite.
• invitus (invita, invitum, adj, General): unwilling, reluctant.
• ipse (ipsa, ipsum, pron, General): -self.
• ira (irae, f, noun 1, General): anger.
• iratus (irata, iratum, adj, General): angry.
• is (ea, id, pron, General): this, that, he, she, it.
• ita (indeclinable, adverb, General): in this way, so, thus.
• ita vero (indeclinable, adverb, General): yes.
• itaque (indeclinable, adverb, General): and so, therefore.
• iter (itineris, n, noun 3, Military): journey, march, way.
• iterum (indeclinable, adverb, General): again.
• iubeo (iubere, iussi, iussus, verb 2, General): order, command.
• iudex (iudicis, m and f, noun 3, Legal): judge, juror.
• iungo (iungere, iunxi, iunctus, verb 3, General): join, unite, fasten.
• iustus (iusta, iustum, adj, Legal): right, just, lawful, complete.
• iuvenis (iuvenis, m or adj, noun & adj, General): young man, young.
• iuvo (iuvare, iuvi, iutus, verb 1, General): help, please.

Defined Vocabulary List: L - O

• labor (labi, lapsus sum, verb 3 dep, General): glide, slip, fall.
• labor (laboris, m, noun 3, General): work, toil, trouble.
• laboro (laborare, laboravi, verb 1, General): work, toil, be in difficulty.
• laedo (laedere, laesi, laesus, verb 3, Military): hurt, injure, harm.
• laetus (laeta, laetum, adj, General): happy, glad.
• latus (lata, latum, adj, General): wide, broad.
• latus (lateris, n, noun 3, Military): side, wing.
• laudo (laudare, laudavi, laudatus, verb 1, General): praise.
• laus (laudis, f, noun 3, General): praise, honour, credit.
• legatus (legati, m, noun 2, Military): (legionary) commander, ambassador, envoy.
• legio (legionis, f, noun 3, Military): legion.
• lego (legere, legi, lectus, verb 3, General): read, choose.
• lentus (lenta, lentum, adj, General): slow.
• levis (leve, adj, General): light, slight.
• lex (legis, f, noun 3, Legal): law.
• libens (libentis, adj, General): willing, glad.
• liber (libera, liberum, adj, General): free.
• liber (libri, m, noun 2, General): book.
• liberi (liberorum, m pl, noun 2, Domestic): children.
• libero (liberare, liberavi, liberatus, verb 1, Legal): set free.
• libertas (libertatis, f, noun 3, Legal): freedom.
• libertus (liberti, m, noun 2, Legal): freedman, ex-slave.
• licet (licere, licuit + dat, verb impersonal, General): it is allowed.
• littera (litterae, f (usually pl. with sg. meaning), noun 1, General): letter.
• litus (litoris, n, noun 3, General): sea-shore, beach.
• locus (loci, m, noun 2, General): place, position, situation, opportunity.
• longus (longa, longum, adj, General): long.
• loquor (loqui, locutus sum, verb 3 dep, General): speak, talk.
• lux (lucis, f, noun 3, General): light, daylight.
• magister (magistri, m, noun 2, General): teacher, master.
• magnus (magna, magnum, adj, General): big, large, great.
• magnopere (indeclinable, adverb, General): very much, greatly.
• magis (indeclinable, adverb comp, General): more, rather.
• malo (malle, malui, verb irreg, General): prefer.
• malus (mala, malum, adj, General): evil, bad.
• mando (mandare, mandavi, mandatus, verb 1, General): commit, entrust, command.
• mane (indeclinable, adverb, General): in the morning, early.
• maneo (manere, mansi, verb 2, General): remain, stay.
• manus (manus, f, noun 4, Military): hand, band.
• mare (maris, n, noun 3, General): sea.
• maritus (mariti, m, noun 2, Domestic): husband.
• mater (matris, f, noun 3, Domestic): mother.
• medius (media, medium, adj, General): middle (of).
• mens (mentis, f, noun 3, General): mind.
• mensis (mensis, m, noun 3, General): month.
• mercator (mercatoris, m, noun 3, General): merchant.
• metus (metus, m, noun 4, General): fear.
• meus (mea, meum, adj, General): my.
• miles (militis, m, noun 3, Military): soldier.
• minor (minari, minatus sum + dat, verb 1 dep, Military): threaten.
• mirabilis (mirabile, adj, General): strange, wonderful.
• miror (mirari, miratus sum, verb 1 dep, General): wonder at, admire.
• miser (misera, miserum, adj, General): miserable, wretched, sad.
• mitto (mittere, misi, missus, verb 3, General): send, throw, let go.
• modo (indeclinable, adverb, General): just now, only.
• modus (modi, m, noun 2, General): manner, way, kind.
• moenia (moenium, n pl, noun 3, Military): city walls, city.
• moneo (monere, monui, monitus, verb 2, General): warn, advise, teach.
• mons (montis, m, noun 3, General): mountain.
• monstro (monstrare, monstravi, monstratus, verb 1, General): show, point out, indicate, instruct.
• morbus (morbi, m, noun 2, General): sickness, disease.
• morior (mori, mortuus sum, verb 3 dep, Military): die.
• mors (mortis, f, noun 3, Military): death.
• moror (morari, moratus sum, verb 1 dep, General): delay, linger.
• mora (morae, f, noun 1, General): delay.
• mos (moris, m, noun 3, General): habit, custom, (pl) character, morals.
• moveo (movere, movi, motus, verb 2, General): move.
• mox (indeclinable, adverb, General): soon.
• mulier (mulieris, f, noun 3, General): woman.
• multitudo (multitudinis, f, noun 3, General): crowd, multitude.
• multus (multa, multum, adj, General): much, many.
• munio (munire, munivi, munitus, verb 4, Military): fortify, defend, guard.
• munus (muneris, n, noun 3, Military): service, duty, present.
• murus (muri, m, noun 2, General): wall, rampart.
• muto (mutare, mutavi, mutatus, verb 1, General): change, alter.
• nam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): for.
• narro (narrare, narravi, narratus, verb 1, General): tell, relate.
• nascor (nasci, natus sum, verb 3 dep, General): am born.
• natura (naturae, f, noun 1, General): nature.
• nauta (nautae, m, noun 1, Military): sailor.
• navigo (navigare, navigavi, verb 1, Military): sail.
• navis (navis, f, noun 3, Military): ship.
• navis longa (noun phrase, Military): warship.
• navis oneraria (noun phrase, Military): merchant ship.
• -ne (indeclinable, particle, General): (introduces question).
• ne (indeclinable, conjunction, General): lest, that not.
• nec, neque (indeclinable, conjunction, General): and not, nor, neither.
• necesse (indeclinable, adj, General): necessary.
• neco (necare, necavi, necatus, verb 1, Military): kill.
• neglego (neglegere, neglexi, neglectus, verb 3, General): neglect, disregard.
• nego (negare, negavi, negatus, verb 1, General): say no, deny, refuse, say that …not.
• negotium (negotii, n, noun 2, General): business.
• nemo (nullius, noun irreg, General): no one, nobody.
• nescio (nescire, nescivi, verb 4, General): not know.
• nihil (indeclinable, noun irreg, General): nothing.
• nisi (indeclinable, conjunction, General): unless, if not, except.
• nobilis (nobile, adj, Political): noble, famous.
• noceo (nocere, nocui + dat, verb 2, General): hurt, harm.
• nolo (nolle, nolui, verb irreg, General): not want, be unwilling, refuse.
• nomen (nominis, n, noun 3, General): name.
• non (indeclinable, adverb, General): not.
• nondum (indeclinable, adverb, General): not yet.
• nonne? (indeclinable, adverb, General): surely?
• nonnulli (nonnullae, nonnulla, adj, General): some, several.
• nos (nostrum / nostri, pron, General): we, us.
• noster (nostra, nostrum, pron, General): our.
• notus (nota, notum, adj, General): known, well-known, famous.
• novi (notus (perfect with present meaning), verb 3, General): know.
• novus (nova, novum, adj, General): new, fresh, recent.
• nox (noctis, f, noun 3, General): night.
• noctu (adverbial form): by night.
• nullus (nulla, nullum, adj, General): no, none, not any.
• num (indeclinable, adverb, General): surely…not, whether.
• numerus (numeri, m, noun 2, General): number.
• numquam (indeclinable, adverb, General): never.
• nunc (indeclinable, adverb, General): now.
• nuntio (nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus, verb 1, General): announce, report.
• nuntius (nuntii, m, noun 2, Military): messenger, message, news.
• ob (+ acc, prep, General): because of, on account of.
• obliviscor (oblivisci, oblitus sum, verb 3 dep, General): forget.
• obses (obsidis, m and f, noun 3, Military): hostage.
• obsideo (obsidere, obsedi, obsessus, verb 2, Military): besiege, blockade.
• obviam eo (ire, i(v)i + dat, verb phrase, Military): meet, go to meet, oppose, resist.
• occasio (occasionis, f, noun 3, General): opportunity, occasion.
• occido (occidere, occidi, occisus, verb 3, Military): kill.
• occupo (occupare, occupavi, occupatus, verb 1, Military): seize, take possession of, occupy.
• oculus (oculi, m, noun 2, General): eye.
• odi (odisse (perfect with present meaning), verb irreg, General): hate.
• odium (odii, n, noun 2, General): hatred.
• odio est (+ dat, verb phrase, General): be hated by.
• offero (offerre, obtuli, oblatus, verb irreg, General): present, offer.
• officium (officii, n, noun 2, Political): duty, task, function.
• olim (indeclinable, adverb, General): once, formerly, one day.
• omitto (omitterere, omisi, omissus, verb 3, General): neglect, disregard, make no mention of.
• omnis (omne, adj, General): all, every.
• omnino (adverb, General): altogether, at all, entirely.
• onus (oneris, n, noun 3, General): burden, load.
• opera (operae, f, noun 1, General): work, effort, attention, trouble.
• operam do (verb phrase, General): I take pains, give attention (to).
• oportet (oportere, oportuit, verb 2 impersonal, General): be necessary, ought, must.
• oppidum (oppidi, n, noun 2, Military): town.
• opprimo (opprimere, oppressi, oppressus, verb 3, Military): overwhelm, crush, weigh down.
• oppugno (oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus, verb 1, Military): attack.
• (ops) (opis, f, noun 3, Military): help; (pl) resources, riches.
• opus (operis, n, noun 3, General): work, toil, construction.
• opus est (esse, fuit + abl (impersonal), verb phrase, General): there is need (of).
• ora (orae, f, noun 1, General): coast.
• oratio (orationis, f, noun 3, Legal): speech.
• ordo (ordinis, m, noun 3, Military): rank, order, line.
• orior (oriri, ortus sum, verb 4 dep, General): rise, start, originate.
• orno (ornare, ornavi, ornatus, verb 1, General): adorn, decorate, provide, equip.
• oro (orare, oravi, oratus, verb 1, General): beg.
• os (oris, n, noun 3, General): mouth, face.
• ostendo (ostendere, ostendi, ostentus, verb 3, General): show, point out, indicate.
• otium (otii, n, noun 2, General): leisure, idleness, peace.

Defined Vocabulary List: P - Q

• paene (indeclinable, adverb, General): almost, nearly.
• palam (indeclinable, adverb, General): openly.
• par (paris, adj, General): equal.
• parco (parcere, peperci + dat, verb 3, Military): spare.
• parens (parentis, m and f, noun 3, Domestic): parent; (pl) relations.
• pareo (parere, parui + dat, verb 2, General): obey.
• pario (parere, peperi, partus, verb 3, General): bear (a child), win, acquire, gain, secure.
• paro (parare, paravi, paratus, verb 1, General): prepare, provide.
• pars (partis, f, noun 3, General): part, some, direction.
• parvus (parva, parvum, adj, General): small.
• passim (indeclinable, adverb, General): in all directions, far and wide, everywhere.
• passus (passus, m, noun 4, General): pace.
• mille passus (pl milia passuum, General): mile.
• pater (patris, m, noun 3, Domestic): father.
• patior (pati, passus sum, verb 3 dep, General): suffer, endure, allow.
• patria (patriae, f, noun 1, Political): homeland, native land.
• pauci (paucae, pauca, adj plural, General): few, a few.
• paulatim (indeclinable, adverb, General): gradually, little by little.
• paulisper (indeclinable, adverb, General): for a short time.
• paulum, paulo (indeclinable, adverb, General): a little, somewhat.
• pauper (pauperis, adj, General): poor.
• pax (pacis, f, noun 3, Military): peace.
• pecunia (pecuniae, f, noun 1, General): money.
• pedes (peditis, m, noun 3, Military): infantry.
• pello (pellere, pepuli, pulsus, verb 3, Military): push, drive, rout.
• per (+ acc, prep, General): through, throughout, along.
• perdo (perdere, perdidi, perditus, verb 3, General): destroy, lose.
• pereo (perire, perii, verb irreg, General): die, perish, be ruined.
• perficio (perficere, perfeci, perfectus, verb 3, General): bring about, complete, perfect.
• periculum (periculi, n, noun 2, General): danger.
• peritus (perita, peritum + gen or abl, adj, General): skilled (in).
• permitto (permittere, permisi, permissus, verb 3, General): hand over, entrust, permit, allow.
• persuadeo (persuadere, persuasi + dat, verb 2, General): persuade, convince.
• perterritus (perterrita, perterritum, adj, General): very frightened, terrified.
• pervenio (pervenire, perveni, verb 4, General): reach, arrive.
• pes (pedis, m, noun 3, General): foot.
• peto (petere, petivi, petitus, verb 3, General): seek, ask for, make for, attack.
• pilum (pili, n, noun 2, Military): javelin.
• placet (placere, placuit + dat, verb 2 impersonal, General): it pleases, suits, it is resolved.
• plebs (plebis, f, noun 3, Political): the people, common people.
• plenus (plena, plenum, adj, General): full, filled.
• plerique (pleraeque, pleraque, adj, General): most, the majority.
• poena (poenae, f, noun 1, Legal): punishment, penalty.
• poenas do (verb phrase, Legal): pay the penalty, am punished.
• polliceor (polliceri, pollicitus sum, verb 2 dep, General): promise.
• pono (ponere, posui, positus, verb 3, General): put, place, set up (camp).
• pons (pontis, m, noun 3, General): bridge.
• populus (populi, m, noun 2, Political): people, nation.
• porta (portae, f, noun 1, General): gate.
• porto (portare, portavi, portatus, verb 1, General): carry, bear, take.
• portus (portus, m, noun 4, General): harbour, port.
• posco (poscere, poposci, verb 3, General): demand, ask for.
• possum (posse, potui, verb irreg, General): can, be able.
• post (+ acc, prep, General): behind, after.
• post (indeclinable, adverb, General): afterwards, next.
• postea (indeclinable, adverb, General): afterwards, then.
• postquam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): after, when.
• postremus (postrema, postremum, adj, General): last.
• postridie (indeclinable, adverb, General): on the next day.
• postulo (postulare, postulavi, postulatus, verb 1, General): demand, ask.
• potens (potentis, adj, General): powerful.
• potestas (potestatis, f, noun 3, Political): power, authority, opportunity.
• potior (potiri, potitus sum + gen or abl, verb 4, General): seize, get possession of.
• potius (indeclinable, adverb, General): rather, more.
• praebeo (praebere, praebui, praebitus, verb 2, General): provide, give, show, offer.
• praeda (praedae, f, noun 1, Military): booty, plunder.
• praemium (praemii, n, noun 2, General): prize, reward.
• praeficio (praeficere, praefeci, praefectus, verb 3, Military): put in charge (of).
• praesidium (praesidii, n, noun 2, Military): protection, garrison, fortification.
• praesum (praeesse, praefui + dat, verb irreg, Military): be in charge of.
• praeter (+ acc, prep, General): beyond, except, besides.
• praeterea (indeclinable, adverb, General): besides, moreover, in addition.
• praetor (praetoris, m, noun 3, Political): praetor (acted as judge or governor).
• precor (precari, precatus sum, verb 1 dep, Religious): pray, pray to, beg.
• pretium (pretii, n, noun 2, General): price, value.
• primus (prima, primum, adj, General): first, chief.
• princeps (principis, m, noun 3, Political): emperor, chief, chieftain.
• prior (prioris, adj, General): previous, former.
• prius (indeclinable, adverb, General): before, previously.
• priusquam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): before, until.
• pro (+ abl, prep, General): in front of, for, on behalf of, in return for.
• procedo (procedere, processi, verb 3, General): advance, proceed.
• procul (indeclinable, adverb, General): far away, distant.
• prodo (prodere, prodidi, proditus, verb 3, Military): betray, surrender.
• proelium (proelii, n, noun 2, Military): battle.
• proficiscor (proficisci, profectus sum, verb 3 dep, General): set out, depart.
• progredior (progredi, progressus sum, verb 3 dep, General): advance, proceed.
• promitto (promittere, promisi, promissus, verb 3, General): promise.
• prope (+ acc, prep, General): near.
• propter (+ acc, prep, General): on account of, because of.
• provincia (provinciae, f, noun 1, Political): province.
• proximus (proxima, proximum, adj, General): nearest, next, last.
• publicus (publica, publicum, adj, Political): public, common.
• pudor (pudoris, m, noun 3, General): shame, modesty, honour, disgrace.
• puella (puellae, f, noun 1, General): girl.
• puer (pueri, m, noun 2, General): boy.
• pugna (pugnae, f, noun 1, Military): fight, battle.
• pugno (pugnare, pugnavi, verb 1, Military): fight.
• punio (punire, punivi, punitus, verb 4, Legal): punish.
• puto (putare, putavi, putatus, verb 1, General): think, consider, reckon.
• quaero (quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus, verb 3, General): search for, ask for, ask, inquire.
• qualis? (quale, adj, General): what sort of?
• quam (indeclinable, adverb, General): how, than, as.
• quam (+ superlative): as … as possible.
• quamquam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): although.
• quando? (indeclinable, adverb, General): when?
• quantus? (quanta, quantum, adj, General): how big? how much?
• quasi (indeclinable, adverb, General): as if, just as, nearly.
• -que (indeclinable, conjunction, General): and.
• queror (queri, questus sum, verb 3 dep, General): complain.
• qui (quae, quod, pron, General): who, which, that.
• quia (indeclinable, conjunction, General): because.
• quidam (quaedam, quoddam, pron, General): one, a certain, some.
• quidem (indeclinable, adverb, General): indeed, in fact, however.
• ne … quidem (indeclinable, adverb, General): not … even.
• quis? (quid, pron, General): who? what? any.
• quisquam (quicquam, pron, General): anyone, anything.
• quisque (quaeque, quidque, pron, General): each, each one, every.
• quisquis (quicquid, pron, General): whoever, whatever.
• quo? (indeclinable, adverb, General): where to?
• quoad (indeclinable, conjunction, General): as long as, until.
• quod (indeclinable, conjunction, General): because, (as to) the fact that.
• quod si (conjunction): but if.
• quomodo? (indeclinable, adverb, General): how? in what way?
• quoniam (indeclinable, conjunction, General): since.
• quoque (indeclinable, conjunction, General): also, too.
• quot? (indeclinable, adj, General): how many?
• quotiens? (indeclinable, adverb, General): how often? as often as.

Defined Vocabulary List: R - S

• rapio (rapere, rapui, raptus, verb 3, Military): seize, grab, carry off, plunder.
• ratio (rationis, f, noun 3, General): account, reckoning, manner, reason.
• recens (recentis, adj, General): recent, fresh.
• recipio (recipere, recepi, receptus, verb 3, General): regain, receive, welcome.
• me recipio (verb phrase, Military): retreat, withdraw.
• recito (recitare, recitavi, recitatus, verb 1, General): recite, read aloud.
• rectus (recta, rectum, adj, General): straight, direct, right, proper.
• reddo (reddere, reddidi, redditus, verb 3, General): give back, restore, hand over, make.
• redeo (redire, redii, verb irreg, General): return, go back, come back.
• refero (referre, rettuli, relatus, verb irreg, General): bring back, report, refer.
• pedem/me refero (verb phrase): retreat.
• reficio (reficere, refeci, refectus, verb 3, General): repair, restore, refresh.
• regina (reginae, f, noun 1, Political): queen.
• regnum (regni, n, noun 2, Political): kingdom, reign, rule.
• rego (regere, rexi, rectus, verb 3, Political): rule, direct.
• regredior (regredi, regressus sum, verb 3 dep, General): go back, return.
• relinquo (relinquere, reliqui, relictus, verb 3, General): leave, leave behind, abandon.
• reliquus (reliqua, reliquum, adj, General): the rest of, the other.
• repente (indeclinable, adverb, General): suddenly.
• res (rei, f, noun 5, General): thing, affair, matter, business.
• res publica (rei publicae, f, noun phrase, Political): state, republic.
• resisto (resistere, restiti + dat, verb 3, Military): resist, oppose.
• respondeo (respondere, respondi, responsus, verb 2, General): answer, reply.
• responsum (responsi, n, noun 2, General): answer, reply.
• retineo (retinere, retinui, retentus, verb 2, General): hold back, restrain, keep.
• rex (regis, m, noun 3, Political): king.
• ripa (ripae, f, noun 1, General): bank.
• rogo (rogare, rogavi, rogatus, verb 1, General): ask, ask for.
• rumpo (rumpere, rupi, ruptus, verb 3, General): break, burst, break through.
• rursus (indeclinable, adverb, General): back, again.
• rus (ruris, n, noun 3, General): country, countryside.
• sacerdos (sacerdotis, m and f, noun 3, Religious): priest, priestess.
• saepe (indeclinable, adverb, General): often.
• saevus (saeva, saevum, adj, General): savage, cruel.
• salus (salutis, f, noun 3, General): health, safety, greeting.
• saluto (salutare, salutavi, salutatus, verb 1, General): greet, salute.
• sanguis (sanguinis, m, noun 3, General): blood.
• sapiens (sapientis, adj, General): wise, sensible.
• sapientia (sapientiae, f, noun 1, General): wisdom, good sense.
• satis (indeclinable, adj, General): enough.
• scelus (sceleris, n, noun 3, Legal): crime, wickedness.
• scio (scire, scivi, scitus, verb 4, General): know.
• scribo (scribere, scripsi, scriptus, verb 3, General): write.
• scutum (scuti, n, noun 2, Military): shield.
• se (sui, pron, General): himself, herself, itself, themselves.
• secundus (secunda, secundum, adj, General): following, next, second, favourable.
• sed (indeclinable, conjunction, General): but.
• sedes (sedis, f, noun 3, Domestic): seat, temple, home.
• semel (indeclinable, adverb, General): once.
• semper (indeclinable, adverb, General): always.
• senator (senatoris, m, noun 3, Political): senator.
• senatus (senatus, m, noun 4, Political): senate.
• senex (senis, m, noun 3, General): old man.
• sententia (sententiae, f, noun 1, Legal): opinion, judgement, sentence.
• sentio (sentire, sensi, sensus, verb 4, General): feel, notice, hear, judge.
• sequor (sequi, secutus sum, verb 3 dep, General): follow, pursue, attend.
• servo (servare, servavi, servatus, verb 1, General): save, protect, keep.
• servus (servi, m, noun 2, Domestic): slave.
• si (indeclinable, conjunction, General): if.
• sic (indeclinable, adverb, General): thus, in this way.
• sicut (indeclinable, adverb, General): just as, like, as, as if.
• signum (signi, n, noun 2, Military): sign, signal, standard.
• silentium (silentii, n, noun 2, General): silence.
• silva (silvae, f, noun 1, General): wood, forest.
• similis (simile, adj, General): similar, like.
• simul (indeclinable, adverb, General): at the same time, together.
• simulac (simulatque) (indeclinable, conjunction, General): as soon as.
• sine (+ abl, prep, General): without.
• sinister (sinistra, sinistrum, adj, General): left, on the left, unfavourable.
• sinistra (sinistrae, f, noun 1, General): left hand, left side.
• sino (sinere, sivi, situs, verb 3, General): allow, permit.
• sive, seu (indeclinable, conjunction, General): or if, whether.
• socius (socii, m, noun 2, Military): ally, comrade, companion.
• sol (solis, m, noun 3, General): sun, sunlight.
• soleo (solere, solitus sum, verb 2 semidep, General): be accustomed.
• solum (indeclinable, adverb, General): only.
• solus (sola, solum, adj, General): alone, only, lonely, single.
• solvo (solvere, solvi, solutus, verb 3, Military): loose, pay.
• navem solvo (verb phrase, Military): set sail.
• somnus (somni, m, noun 2, General): sleep.
• sonus (soni, m, noun 2, General): noise, sound.
• soror (sororis, f, noun 3, Domestic): sister.
• spatium (spatii, n, noun 2, General): interval, space, distance.
• specto (spectare, spectavi, spectatus, verb 1, General): look at, watch.
• sperno (spernere, sprevi, spretus, verb 3, General): despise, reject, scorn.
• spero (sperare, speravi, spero, verb 1, General): hope, expect.
• spes (spei, f, noun 5, General): hope.
• spolium (spolii, n, noun 2, Military): booty, spoil(s).
• statim (indeclinable, adverb, General): at once, immediately.
• statuo (statuere, statui, statutus, verb 3, General): fix, determine, decide, arrange.
• sto (stare, steti, verb 1, General): stand, stand firm.
• studium (studii, n, noun 2, General): eagerness, study, devotion.
• stultus (stulta, stultum, adj, General): stupid, foolish.
• sub (+ abl or + acc, prep, General): under, beneath; up to.
• subito (indeclinable, adverb, General): suddenly.
• sum (esse, fui, verb irreg, General): be.
• summus (summa, summum, adj, General): highest, greatest, top (of).
• sumo (sumere, sumpsi, sumptus, verb 3, General): take, take up.
• supero (superare, superavi, superatus, verb 1, Military): overcome, overpower.
• supersum (superesse, superfui, verb irreg, General): be left, remain, survive.
• superus (supera, superum, adj, General): upper, higher.
• surgo (surgere, surrexi, verb 3, General): get up, stand up, rise.
• suscipio (suscipere, suscepi, susceptus, verb 3, General): take up, undertake, begin, bear.
• suspicor (suspicari, suspicatus sum, verb 1 dep, Legal): mistrust, suspect.
• suus (sua, suum, pron, General): his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own).

Defined Vocabulary List: T - V

• taberna (tabernae, f, noun 1, General): shop, inn.
• tacitus (tacita, tacitum, adj, General): quiet, silent, in silence.
• talis (tale, adj, General): such.
• tam (indeclinable, adverb, General): so.
• tamen (indeclinable, adverb, General): however, nevertheless, yet.
• tandem (indeclinable, adverb, General): at last, finally.
• tango (tangere, tetigi, tactus, verb 3, General): touch.
• tantum (indeclinable, adverb, General): only.
• tantus (tanta, tantum, adj, General): so great, such a great, so much.
• tectum (tecti, n, noun 2, General): roof, house.
• tego (tegere, texi, tectus, verb 3, General): cover, protect, hide.
• telum (teli, n, noun 2, Military): weapon, javelin, missile.
• tempestas (tempestatis, f, noun 3, General): weather, storm, time.
• templum (templi, n, noun 2, Religious): temple.
• tempus (temporis, n, noun 3, General): time.
• teneo (tenere, tenui, tentus, verb 2, General): hold, keep, maintain.
• tergum (tergi, n, noun 2, Military): back, rear.
• terra (terrae, f, noun 1, General): ground, land, earth.
• terreo (terrere, terrui, territus, verb 2, General): frighten.
• terror (terroris, m, noun 3, General): terror, panic.
• timeo (timere, timui, verb 2, General): fear, be afraid.
• timor (timoris, m, noun 3, General): fear, anxiety.
• tollo (tollere, sustuli, sublatus, verb 3, General): raise, lift up, remove, destroy.
• tot (indeclinable, adj, General): so many.
• totus (tota, totum, adj, General): the whole, entire, all.
• trado (tradere, tradidi, traditus, verb 3, General): hand over, entrust, hand down, surrender.
• traho (trahere, traxi, tractus, verb 3, General): pull, drag, draw.
• trans (+ acc, prep, General): across, over.
• tristis (triste, adj, General): sad, gloomy, grim.
• tu (tui, pron, General): you (singular).
• tum (indeclinable, adverb, General): then, next.
• tumultus (tumultus, m, noun 4, Military): uproar, disturbance, civil war.
• turba (turbae, f, noun 1, General): crowd, mob, disturbance, multitude.
• tutus (tuta, tutum, adj, Military): safe.
• tuus (tua, tuum, pron, General): your (singular).
• ubi (indeclinable, adverb, General): where? where, when.
• ubique (indeclinable, adverb, General): everywhere.
• ullus (ulla, ullum, adj, General): any.
• ultimus (ultima, ultimum, adj, General): furthest, last, utmost.
• umquam (indeclinable, adverb, General): ever.
• una (indeclinable, adverb, General): together.
• unda (undae, f, noun 1, General): wave.
• unde (indeclinable, adverb, General): from where, whence.
• undique (indeclinable, adverb, General): from all sides, on all sides.
• urbs (urbis, f, noun 3, General): city, town, Rome.
• usque (indeclinable, adverb, General): all the way, right up to, continuously.
• usus (usus, m, noun 4, General): use, experience, practice.
• usui est (verb phrase, General): it is useful.
• ut (indeclinable + indic., conjunction, General): as, where, when, how.
• ut (indeclinable + subjunc., conjunction, General): that, so that, to.
• uter? (utra, utrum, pron, General): which (of two)?
• uterque (utraque, utrumque, pron, General): each (of two), both.
• utrum (indeclinable, adverb, General): whether.
• utor (uti, usus sum + abl, verb 3 dep, General): use, enjoy.
• uxor (uxoris, f, noun 3, Domestic): wife.
• valeo (valere, valui, verb 2, General): be strong, have influence.
• validus (valida, validum, adj, General): strong, powerful.
• -ve (indeclinable, conjunction, General): or.
• vehementer (indeclinable, adverb, General): violently, loudly, strongly.
• veho (vehere, vexi, vectus, verb 3, General): carry, bear, convey.
• vel (indeclinable, conjunction, General): or, either.
• velut (indeclinable, adverb, General): just as, like, as, as if.
• venio (venire, veni, verb 4, General): come.
• ventus (venti, m, noun 2, General): wind.
• verbum (verbi, n, noun 2, General): word.
• vereor (vereri, veritus sum, verb 2 dep, General): fear, be afraid.
• vero (indeclinable, adverb, General): indeed, in fact, however.
• verto (vertere, verti, versus, verb 3, General): turn.
• terga verto (verb phrase, Military): retreat.
• verus (vera, verum, adj, General): true, real.
• vesper (vesperis or vesperi, m, noun 3 or 2, General): evening.
• vester (vestra, vestrum, pron, General): your (pl).
• vestis (vestis, f, noun 3, General): clothes.
• veto (vetare, vetui, vetitus, verb 1, General): forbid, order…not.
• vetus (veteris, adj, General): old.
• via (viaae, f, noun 1, General): street, road, way, path.
• victor (victoris, m, noun 3, Military): victor, conqueror.
• victoria (victoriaae, f, noun 1, Military): victory.
• video (videre, vidi, visus, verb 2, General): see.
• videor (videri, visus sum, verb 2 dep, General): seem, appear, be seen.
• villa (villaae, f, noun 1, Domestic): country-house, estate, farm.
• vinco (vincere, vici, victus, verb 3, Military): conquer, defeat, win, be victorious.
• vir (viri, m, noun 2, General): man, husband.
• virtus (virtutis, f, noun 3, Military): courage, virtue.
• vis (pl vires, f, noun irreg, Military): force, violence; (pl) strength, forces.
• vita (vitae, f, noun 1, General): life.
• vito (vitare, vitavi, vitatus, verb 1, General): avoid.
• vivo (vivere, vixi, verb 3, General): live, be alive, (+ abl) live on.
• vivus (viva, vivum, adj, General): alive, living.
• vix (indeclinable, adverb, General): hardly, scarcely, with difficulty.
• voco (vocare, vocavi, vitatus, verb 1, General): call, summon, invite, name.
• volo (velle, volui, verb irreg, General): want, wish, be willing, intend.
• vos (vestrum / vestri, pron, General): you (plural).
• vox (vocis, f, noun 3, General): voice, shout, word.
• vulnero (vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus, verb 1, Military): wound, injure.
• vulnus (vulneris, n, noun 3, Military): wound, injury.
• vultus (vultus, m, noun 4, General): face, expression.", "title": "AS Level Latin Defined Vocabulary List for H043/01 Language"}