Cellular Respiration

Step 1:

Glycolysis

Location - Cytoplasm

Advantages - Fast and No oxygen needed

Disadvantages - NADH buildup leads to production of lactic acid

Steps of Glycolysis:

Energy investment phase → Energy Payoff phase

Glycolysis splits glucose to make pyruvate

Can happen in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Step 2:

Citric Acid Cycle (AKA Krebs Cycle)

Location - Inside the mitochondria in Matrix

Cycle happens two times each “cycle” breaks down 1 pyruvate

Produces electron carriers NADH and FADH2

series of enzymes and coenzymes that break down pyruvates

Step 3:

Electron Transport Chain

Location - Inner membrane of mitochondria

produces ATP using electrons

H+ is pumped into inner membrane space

Electron carriers donate electrons to ATP synthase

ATP Synthase

Enyzme in inner mitochondrial membrane 

Carries electrons from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration (more acidic)

this is called active transport

ATP is produced through this enzyme, final “step” of cellular respiration

Fermentation:

Process when glycolysis doesn’t use the mitochondria or oxygen

The pyruvic acid ends up with the high energy electrons from NADH

Products of alcoholic fermentation: Alchohol, CO2, and NAD+

Products of lactic acid fermentation: Lactic acid and NAD +