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HOS II 2025-2026 Second Trimester Examination Review Sheet

Overview of the Examination

  • Date of Exam: Wednesday, March 25, 2026

  • Format of Examination:

    • 80 Objective Questions: each worth 0.4 points (Total: 32 points)

    • 38 Passage Based/Higher Level Questions: (Total: 38 points)

    • Choice of 1 out of 4 Shorter Essays: (Total: 10 points)

    • Mandatory Essay: (Total: 20 points)

Material Covered on Exam

Trimester 1

  • Catholicism 101

  • Unit 1: Prayer

  • Unit 2: Christology

  • Unit 4: The Church and Mary

  • Units 6-9: Sacraments

  • Unit 7: The Mass

Trimester 2

  • Unit 1: Sainthood

  • Unit 2: The First Saints

  • Unit 3: Saints Who Shed Their Blood

  • Unit 4: Saints of Prayer Part I

  • Unit 5: Saints of Prayer Part II

  • Unit 6: Saints of Faith and Reason

  • Unit 7: Saints of the Poor

  • Unit 8: Blessed Chaminade and the Marianist Martyrs

Study Tips

  • Review notes from each unit thoroughly.

  • Focus on key terms listed below, ensuring you can articulate meaningful insights about each.

  • After reviewing a section, assess your understanding by working through past tests; if you find the material easy, you can proceed; if not, revisit your notes.

  • Do not rely solely on past tests; use them as supplementary study tools.

  • Note: Material covered in Catholicism 101 is excluded from this exam.

Essay Tips

  • Read questions carefully to ensure understanding of what is being asked.

  • Responses must be in essay form (not bullet points).

  • Be thorough yet concise.

  • Skip a line between paragraphs for better readability.

Mandatory Essay (20 points)

  • Requirement: Complete the mandatory essay with careful attention to directions and prompts.

  • Essay Structure: 3 paragraphs (5–7 sentences each) without introduction or conclusion. Leave a line between paragraphs.

  • Key Reflection Points:

    • Describe the Church teaching or theme connected to your chosen saint, including its significance for the Church and believers.

    • Detail how the saint lived out or defended this teaching through their actions and choices.

    • Explain how this saint's witness contributed to the strengthening of the Church and the faith of others.

Saint & Theme Pairings

  1. St. Peter — Structure of the Church

  2. St. Paul — Kerygma

  3. St. Maximilian Kolbe — Martyrdom

  4. St. Benedict — Prayer

  5. St. Justin Martyr — Eucharist

  • Original Sin: The fallen state of human nature inherited from Adam and Eve, which disallows individuals from being in perfect communion with God without divine grace.

  • Humility: The virtue by which a person is grounded in truth and recognizes their dependence on God.

  • Blessing: An invocation of God’s favor and protection; can be a ritual act or a spoken prayer.

  • Adoration: The act of paying honor or worship to God, recognizing His supreme authority and glory.

  • Petition: A request made to God, asking for divine intervention or assistance in personal needs or desires.

  • Intercession: The act of praying for the needs of others, standing in the gap and asking God to respond to those requests.

  • Doxology: A short hymn or expression of praise to God, often used in worship.

  • Meditation: The act of focused contemplation, reflecting deeply on God's word or presence.

  • Contemplation: An intense form of prayer that seeks a direct experience or union with God, often characterized by silence and stillness.

  • Spirituality: The personal experience and practice of one’s faith, focusing on relationship with God through prayer, study, and service.

  • Mysticism: A spiritual belief that emphasizes personal experiences of the divine, often through practices that deepen one's relationship with God.

  • Incarnation: The mystery of the Christian faith wherein God became human in the person of Jesus Christ while remaining fully divine.

  • Theotokos: A title for Mary, meaning “God-bearer” or “Mother of God,” affirming her role in the Incarnation.

  • Disciple: One who follows the teachings of Jesus; a student or learner of his ways.

  • Apostle: One of the twelve chosen disciples of Jesus commissioned to spread the Gospel.

  • Passion: Refers to the suffering and death of Jesus Christ; the term encompasses the events leading up to His crucifixion.

  • Paschal Mystery: The Christian belief in the passion, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, which provides the foundation for Christian faith.

  • Mass: The central act of Catholic worship, where the Eucharist is celebrated, commemorating the Last Supper.

  • Magisterium: The teaching authority of the Catholic Church, comprising the pope and the bishops in communion with him.

  • Body of Christ: A term referring both to the physical body of Jesus during His earthly life and to the Church, which is His mystical body.

  • Catholic Church: The universal Church founded by Christ, characterized by its sacraments, teachings, and the leadership of the pope.

  • Papacy: The office of the pope, the bishop of Rome, recognized as the spiritual leader of the Catholic Church.

  • Marks of the Church: The four attributes of the Church as expressed in the Nicene Creed: One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic.

  • Catechism: A summary of principles of the Christian faith, often used for religious instruction.

  • Apostolic Succession: The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops.

  • Ecumenism: The movement aimed at promoting unity among different Christian denominations.

  • Laity: The non-ordained members of the Church who participate in its mission but are not part of its clergy.

  • Religious Life: A vocation characterized by the commitment to live out the Gospel through public or communal life in a religious community.

  • Assumption of Mary: The belief that Mary was taken up body and soul into heavenly glory at the end of her earthly life.

  • Immaculate Conception: The doctrine that Mary was conceived without original sin to be a pure vessel for the birth of Jesus.

  • Efficacious: Referring to the sacraments that actually confer the grace they signify.

  • Disposition: The interior attitude and readiness of a person to receive God’s grace particularly in sacramental participation.

  • Sacrament: An outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace, including Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, and others.

  • Grace: The free and undeserved gift from God that enables one to participate in the divine life.

  • Sacramentals: Sacred signs instituted by the Church that prepare us to receive the sacraments more fully.

  • Sacred Chrism: A blessed oil used in the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders, symbolizing the Holy Spirit.

  • Baptism: The sacrament of initiation that uses water to symbolize purification and admission into the Christian community.

  • Sacramental Character: A permanent mark imprinted on the soul through the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.

  • Confirmation: The sacrament that strengthens the grace of Baptism, marking the individual with the seal of the Holy Spirit.

  • Eucharist: The sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ through transubstantiation.

  • Consecration: The part of the Mass where the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.

  • Liturgy of the Word: A part of the Mass where Scripture readings are proclaimed and reflected upon.

  • Eucharistic Liturgy: The part of the Mass centered around the celebration of the Eucharist.

  • Transubstantiation: The doctrine that during the Mass, the substance of bread and wine is transformed into the actual body and blood of Christ.

  • Venial Sin: A lesser sin that does not entail a complete separation from God’s grace.

  • Mortal Sin: A grave sin that leads to a complete separation from God’s grace, requiring confession for absolution.

  • Act of Contrition: A prayer expressing sorrow for sins and asking for God’s mercy.

  • Penitent: A person who repents for their sins and seeks reconciliation.

  • Confessor: A priest who hears confessions and offers absolution.

  • Absolution: The act of being forgiven for sins, pronounced by the priest during confession.

  • Contrition: Genuine remorse for sin, which is necessary for sacramental confession.

  • Repentance: The action of feeling regret or sorrow for wrongdoing and seeking to amend one’s life.

  • Penance: The actions taken to express repentance for sin, often including prayers or acts of service.

  • Holy Orders: The sacrament through which the mission entrusted by Christ to His apostles continues in the Church, comprising deacons, priests, and bishops.

  • Bishop: A high-ranking church official who oversees a diocese, responsible for teaching, governing, and sanctifying its members.

  • Deacon: An ordained minister who assists bishops and priests in their pastoral work and liturgical duties.

  • Priest: An ordained minister who presides over sacrifices and sacraments, especially the Eucharist.

  • Annulment: A declaration by the Church that a marriage was not valid according to its teachings, thus allowing for a new marriage.

Unit 1: Sainthood

  • St. Ulric: A bishop of Augsburg known for his dedication to the pastoral care of his diocese and his involvement in the reform of the clergy and the laity. He is recognized for his holiness and was canonized for his commitment to the faith and the community.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Holiness: The state of being holy, devoted to God, and consecrated.

    • Communion of Saints: The spiritual union of all members of the Christian community, both living and deceased.

    • Universal Call to Holiness: The doctrine that all people are called to live a life of holiness and follow Christ.

    • Canonization Process: The formal process by which the Church declares a deceased person to be a saint.

    • Conversion: A profound change of heart towards God.

    • Saint: A person acknowledged as holy or virtuous, often canonized after death.

    • Sin: An act against divine law.

    • Miracle: A supernatural event attributed to divine intervention.

    • Positio: A document presented during the canonization process that reviews the life of the candidate.

    • Beautification: The initiation of the process toward becoming a saint, involving verification of a miracle.

    • Vox Populi: A term meaning the voice of the people; often refers to public opinion in the canonization process.

Unit 2: The First Saints

  • St. Peter: One of Jesus' original Apostles, considered the first Pope, recognized for his leadership in the early Church and martyrdom.

  • St. Paul: A key figure in the spread of Christianity, known for his letters (Epistles) which contribute greatly to New Testament theology and as the ‘Apostle to the Gentiles.’

  • St. Stephen: The first Christian martyr who exemplified faith and courage, known for his powerful witness and preaching.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Apostle: A messenger and representative of Christ, often one of the twelve disciples.

    • Disciple: A follower of Jesus Christ during his life and a believer in his teachings.

    • Martyrdom: The act of dying for one’s faith.

    • Epistle: Letters written by Apostles, primarily St. Paul, that form part of the New Testament.

    • Conversion: A transformative change towards faith in Christ.

    • Gentile: A non-Jewish person often referred to in discussions of early Christianity.

    • Council of Jerusalem: An important meeting in the early Church that addressed the inclusion of Gentiles.

    • Sanhedrin: The assembly of Jewish leaders who opposed the early Christians.

    • Persecution: The hostility directed towards Christians by authorities.

    • Evangelization: The act of preaching the gospel to convert others to Christianity.

    • Agape (love): Selfless, unconditional love in the Christian faith.

    • Faith, Hope, Grace: Core theological virtues central to Christian belief.

    • Pope: The Bishop of Rome, leader of the global Catholic Church.

    • “The Rock”: Referring to St. Peter, indicating his foundational role in the Church.

    • “Apostle to the Gentiles”: Title given to St. Paul reflecting his mission to non-Jews.

Unit 3: Saints Who Shed Their Blood

  • St. Justin: An early Christian apologist who defended the faith through his writings and was martyred for it.

  • St. Ignatius: The Bishop of Antioch, known for his letters and strong defense of the faith, a martyr who urged unity among believers.

  • St. Maximilian Kolbe: A modern martyr who offered his life in place of another in a Nazi concentration camp, recognized for his profound Christian charity.

  • St. Jose Sanchez: A young martyr who exemplified unwavering faith during persecution.

  • Blessed Miguel Pro: A Jesuit priest known for his missionary work in Mexico, martyred for his faith during religious persecution.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Martyr: Someone who suffers persecuted for religious beliefs.

    • Roman Persecution: The systematic oppression faced by Christians in the Roman Empire.

    • Apologetics: The theological defense of Christianity against objections.

    • Eucharist: The sacrament commemorating the Last Supper with Christ. Includes beliefs about the real presence of Christ in the elements.

    • Obedience: Following God’s word as a fundamental aspect of holiness.

Unit 4: Saints of Prayer

  • St. Benedict: The founder of Western monasticism, known for the Rule of St. Benedict that emphasizes community living and prayer.

  • St. Anthony (of Egypt): Recognized as the father of monasticism, his life of asceticism and dedication to God has influenced Christian spirituality.

  • St. Dominic: Founder of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), known for his commitment to preaching and education.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Abbot: The head of a monastery.

    • Asceticism: Severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence to achieve a spiritual goal.

    • Moderation: Practicing restraint and temperance in spiritual life.

    • Monasticism: A religious way of life characterized by communal living and adherence to rules of prayer and service.

Unit 5: Saints of Prayer Part II

  • St. Ignatius of Loyola: Founded the Jesuits, recognized for his contributions to spirituality through the Spiritual Exercises.

  • St. Teresa of Avila: A mystic and reformer; her writings shaped the understanding of prayer and contemplative spirituality.

  • St. John of the Cross: Known for his mysticism and poetry, particularly concerning the relationship with God.

  • Sts. Louis and Zelie Martin: Parents of St. Therese, recognized for their piety and family life that led to the holiness of their daughter.

  • St. Therese: Known for her simple yet profound spiritual insights and ‘Little Way’ of holiness.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Discernment: The process of making decisions based on spiritual insight.

    • Mysticism: A spiritual belief that allows one to experience a direct encounter with God.

    • Doctor of the Church: A title given to saints recognized for their significant contributions to theology.

Unit 6: Saints of Faith and Reason

  • St. Augustine: His writings on theology, particularly the concept of grace, continue to influence Christian thought.

  • St. Monica: Mother of Augustine, known for her relentless prayer and dedication to her son’s conversion.

  • St. Thomas Aquinas: A theologian and philosopher, his works, including the Summa Theologica, harmonize faith and reason.

  • Pope St. John Paul II: A significant modern pope known for his outreach, teachings, and emphasis on human dignity.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Natural Law: The moral law understood through human reason, foundational to Catholic social teaching.

    • Fideism: The belief that faith is independent of reason.

    • Rationalism: A philosophy that stresses reason over faith; critically engaged by St. Thomas Aquinas.

Unit 7: Saints of the Poor

  • St. Francis: Known for his love of nature and the poor, founded the Franciscan Order emphasizing simplicity and humility.

  • Mother Teresa: Missionary known for her work with the poor and sick in Calcutta, becoming a symbol of compassion and selfless service.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Charity: The Christian virtue of love expressed through acts of kindness and support for those in need.

    • Sanctity: The state of being holy or sacred.

Unit 8: Blessed Chaminade and the Marianist Martyrs

  • Blessed William Joseph Chaminade: Founder of the Society of Mary, emphasized education and forming leaders in faith.

  • Venerable Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de Lamourous: A key figure in the Marianist tradition, known for her advocacy of community and faith.

  • Blessed Marie of the Conception (Adele de Batz de Trenquelleon): Instrumental in developing the Marianist spirituality and education.

  • Blessed Jakob Gapp: A martyr during the Nazi regime, known for maintaining his faith.

  • Key Vocabulary Definitions:

    • Sodality: A pious association of laypeople for spiritual and charitable purposes.

    • The Miséricorde: A mission of mercy that reflects the foundational attitudes of the Marianist movement.