The Truman Doctrine involved providing financial assistance to countries resisting communism.
Greece and Turkey were the initial recipients of this aid.
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was an economic recovery program for Europe after World War II.
Its primary goal was to prevent the spread of communism by revitalizing European economies.
Containment Policy
The containment policy aimed to prevent the further spread of communism.
George Kennan's "Long Telegram" is associated with the strategy of containment.
NSC-68
NSC-68 led to a significant increase in defense spending during the Cold War.
Korean War
The 38th parallel divided Korea into North (Communist) and South (US-backed).
The Korean War ended in a stalemate.
McCarthyism
McCarthyism refers to the widespread accusations of communist affiliation.
It is often described as the second Red Scare.
Eisenhower Doctrine
The Eisenhower Doctrine stated that the US would protect the Middle East from communism.
It is similar to the Truman Doctrine.
Interstate Highway Act
The Interstate Highway Act, championed by President Eisenhower, was the largest public works program in history.
It facilitated the growth of suburbs.
Suburban Boom
The suburban boom involved the growth of suburbs like Levittowns.
Contributing factors included the baby boom and white flight.
Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision declared that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional.
Little Rock Nine
President Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock to enforce desegregation.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted a year.
Martin Luther King Jr. rose to prominence during this boycott.
MLK vs. Malcolm X
Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for peaceful resistance.
Malcolm X supported achieving civil rights "by any means necessary."
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed segregation in public places.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated literacy tests and other discriminatory practices at the polls.
Great Society
The Great Society was President Lyndon B. Johnson's set of domestic programs, seen as a continuation of the New Deal.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution provided a "blank check" to escalate the Vietnam War.
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive led to increased public opposition to the Vietnam War.
Credibility Gap
The credibility gap refers to the growing distrust in the government during the Vietnam War era.
National Organization for Women (NOW)
NOW was a significant organization in the second wave of feminism.
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique, which identified "the problem that has no name" related to women's dissatisfaction."
Bay of Pigs
The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed attempt during JFK's presidency.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a standoff with the Soviet Union that brought the world close to nuclear war.
NASA and the Space Race
NASA received increased funding after Sputnik, marking the beginning of the Space Race.
Television in the 1950s
Television in the 1950s promoted family values, consumerism, and conformity.
Rock n Roll
Rock n Roll emerged as a form of youth rebellion.
Elvis Presley was a prominent figure.
Great Society Programs
Medicare: health insurance for the elderly.
Medicaid: health insurance for the poor.
War on Poverty programs: Head Start, Job Corps, etc.
Sunbelt Shift
The Sunbelt shift involved people moving to the South and West.
Motivations included job opportunities and the availability of air conditioning.
SNCC and CORE
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) and CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) were youth organizations involved in the Civil Rights Movement.
They organized sit-ins and Freedom Rides.
JFK's New Frontier
JFK's New Frontier included the Peace Corps, plans for a moon landing, and gradual civil rights progress.
Assassinations
Assassinations: JFK in 1963 and MLK.
LBJ's Departure
LBJ chose not to run for reelection due to the Vietnam War diminishing his approval.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessyv.Ferguson should be contrasted with Brownv.Board.
Military-Industrial Complex
President Eisenhower warned against the growing influence of the military-industrial complex.
Beat Generation
The Beat Generation rejected conformity and represented a 1950s counterculture preceding the hippie movement.
Key figures include Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg.
TV Debates
Television debates are considered to have helped JFK defeat Nixon.
GI Bill
The GI Bill provided veterans with funding for education and housing, contributing to the growth of suburbia.
Terms:
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Great Society (Medicare, Medicaid, War on Poverty)