Hypernatremia: Signs and Symptoms Mnemonic

Hypernatremia: Signs and Symptoms

To remember the signs and symptoms associated with hypernatremia (high sodium levels in the blood), use the mnemonic "NO FRIED FOODS FOR YOU." This phrase helps link the idea of fried foods often being high in sodium to the condition itself.

• F is for Fatigue: Patients will often feel very tired and lethargic.

• R is for Restless: Individuals may exhibit restlessness and agitation. This can also manifest as confusion, primarily due to central nervous system (CNS) changes induced by the electrolyte imbalance.

• I is for Increased Reflexes: Overactive reflexes are a common finding. If left untreated, this can progress to more severe neurological complications, including seizures and, in advanced stages, coma.

• E is for Extreme Thirst: This is a critical and prominent sign of hypernatremia. The body attempts to compensate for increased plasma osmolality by stimulating thirst to encourage fluid intake.

• D is for Decreased Urinary Output and Dry Skin/Mouth: The kidneys try to conserve water, leading to a reduction in urine production. Additionally, dehydration manifests externally as dry skin and dry mucous membranes (such as the mouth).

Interventions:

• If a client with severe hypernatremia has altered
  LOC, #1 priority = seizure precautions.

• Hypernatremia is treated with sodium and/or volume correction, depending on the underlying cause

* Maintain strict 1&0, including daily weights.

• To treat hypernatremia from fluid deficit (dehydration):

• Encourage oral fluid intake.

• Give isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids as prescribed:

• 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)

• 5% dextrose in water (D§W)

• 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride
  (D5½NS)

• Monitor blood glucose when giving dextrose-containing IV fluids to a client with diabetes.

• To treat hypernatremia from fluid excess (sodium retention):

• Restrict sodium intake.

• Give thiazide diuretics, which promote sodium excretion.