Socialisation

Socialisation = The process by which an individual learns the norms and values of society. The way in which we learn to be members of society

Primary socialisation = A stage of socialisation that occurs within the family. This is the first stage of socialisation that children undergo

Secondary socialisation = Socialisation that occurs beyond the family. The second stage of socialisation

Agencies of socialisation = Groups or institutions were socialisation occurs. Through these we learn the norms and values of society

Focal agency = The agency of socialisation that is the dominant influence on someone. This can change

Conformity = Matching attitudes, beliefs and behaviors to the norms and standards of society

Peer pressure = The influence that individuals in a social group exert on one another to conform to certain behaviors, attitudes or values

Formal education = Education where a child learns through the official curriculum e.g. Maths and English

Informal education = Education that provides students with the opportunity to learn outside the classroom, e.g. read a book from the library

Hidden curriculum = Learning rules, routines and regulations in school. Students learn this without necessarily knowing they are learning it

Secularisation = The decline of religion and the loss of the social significance of religion

Butler (1995) = Studied how a group of Muslim girls born in Britain adapted their religious beliefs to fit in with the culture around them. Although they were firmly committed to their religion, they modified it in some ways, like rejecting arranged marriages

Bruce (2003) = Describes how the black clergy, lead my Martin Luther King, used religious links to bring about social change

Cultural deprivation system = Theory that the bottom of the class system are deprived of certain values and norms

Paul Willis = Wrote ‘How working class kids get working class jobs’. He found that working class boys often reject school and create their own counter culture. This rejection prepares them for low status jobs

Young (2002) = Argues that the lower working class live in a bulimic society. This is created by media. Therefore media is partially responsible for crimes such as theft as they want consumer goods

Reay (1998) = Studied 33 mothers in London. The middle class mothers had more time and energy to spend with their children, while working class mothers had less time and energy to spend with their children. She believed this lead to different levels of socialisation between the children

Onboarding = The process in which new employees acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and behaviors to become effective members

Canteen culture = A set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accepts, so that certain language, behavior and attitudes become the norm

Gender socialisation = Learning the psychological and social traits associated with someones sex

Skelton and Francis (2003) = Looked at peer groups in primary schools. They found that play was very gendered, with boys dominating the space and girls taking part in separate activities such as skipping

Race socialisation = The process through which children learn the behaviors, values and attitudes associated with racial groups

Class socialisation = Teaches the norms, values, traits and behaviors you develop based on the social class you are in

Anticipatory socialisation = The social process where people learn to take on the value and standards of groups that they plan to join

Resocialisation = Where a persons environment is carefully controlled to encourage them to develop a new set of norms, values or beliefs