Psychology: Unito Dosito 

population-larger group from which a sample is drawn (generalizations/broad statements)

random selection-selection of individuals/animals who will be chosen from the population to participate (random chosen)

random assignment-equal chance of being assigned to the different conditions within the experiment (separation of two groups)

independent variable-manipulated factor (cause)

dependent variable-changes and depends on independent factor (effect)

potential cofounding variable-variable not considered in experiment

validity-accuracy of a measurement/assessment

content-the degree to which an assessment accurately measures what it claims to test (most often used)

construct-hypothetical of theoretical idea (ideas that are difficult to test)

face-a quick evaluation of a test

predictive-forecasts or anticipates (predicts)

criterion-one test correlates with another preexisting and well-established assessment tool

reliability-consistently giving same results

split-half-involves comparing scores on one half of the test to the scores in the other half of the test OR comparing the scores on odd vs even questions (divide)

test-retest-same outcome is achieved on at least two occasions (most frequent and different time but same material)

alternate form-different versions of an instrument result in the same or a similar result (A vs B)

inter rater reliability-2 different examiners of the same participants

hindsight bias-”i knew it all along”

psychological bias-humans rely on, but make mistakes

scientific attitude-leads to critical thinking

scientific method-self correcting process of asking and observing

theories-(1)follow observation (2)explain behavior/events by offering ideas that organize what we have

hypothesis-(1)predictions that are testable (2)implied by theory (3)educated guess “if…then…”

operational definition-(1)statement of the procedures used in testing a a theory/hypothesis (2)must be detailed/specific so that others can replicated/duplicate the research