Comprehensive Korean Notes: Chapter 3 - Phone Numbers, Numbers, and Adjectives

Lesson 3: Telephone Numbers and Key Vocabulary

• Core Vocabulary and Locations
  • 전화번호 (Telephone number): A general term for a phone number.
  • 핸드폰/휴대폰 번호 (Mobile number; cell phone number): Specifically refers to mobile or cellular device numbers.
  • 얼마 (What amount; what price): Used when inquiring about quantity or cost.
  • 경찰서 (Police station): A facility for law enforcement.
  • 소방서 (Fire station): A facility for fire services.
  • 병원 (Hospital): A medical facility for treatment.
  • 은행 (Bank): A financial institution.
  • 도서관 (Library): A place for reading and borrowing books.
  • 강의실 (Lecture room): A classroom typically found in universities.
  • 버스 (Bus): A large public transport vehicle.

Sino-Korean Numbers (한자어 수)

• Basic Numbers ($0$ to $10$)

  • $0$: 공/영
  • $1$: 일
  • $2$: 이
  • $3$: 삼
  • $4$: 사
  • $5$: 오
  • $6$: 육
  • $7$: 칠
  • $8$: 팔
  • $9$: 구
  • $10$: 십

• Teen Numbers and Twenty ($11$ to $20$)

  • $11$: 십일 (lit. ten-one)
  • $12$: 십이 (lit. ten-two)
  • $13$: 십삼
  • $14$: 십사
  • $15$: 십오
  • $16$: 십육
  • $17$: 십칠
  • $18$: 십팔
  • $19$: 십구
  • $20$: 이십 (lit. two-ten)

• Tens ($10$ to $90$)

  • $10$: 십
  • $20$: 이십
  • $30$: 삼십
  • $40$: 사십
  • $50$: 오십
  • $60$: 육십
  • $70$: 칠십
  • $80$: 팔십
  • $90$: 구십

• Hundreds ($100$ to $900$)

  • $100$: 백
  • $200$: 이백
  • $300$: 삼백
  • $400$: 사백
  • $500$: 오백
  • $600$: 육백
  • $700$: 칠백
  • $800$: 팔백
  • $900$: 구백

• Thousands ($1,000$ to $9,000$)

  • $1,000$: 천
  • $2,000$: 이천
  • $3,000$: 삼천
  • $4,000$: 사천
  • $5,000$: 오천
  • $6,000$: 육천
  • $7,000$: 칠천
  • $8,000$: 팔천
  • $9,000$: 구천

• Ten-Thousands and Larger Numbers ($10,000$ to $10,000,000$)

  • $10,000$: (일)만
  • $20,000$: 이만
  • $30,000$: 삼만
  • $80,000$: 팔만
  • $90,000$: 구만
  • $100,000$: 십만
  • $1,000,000$: 백만
  • $10,000,000$: 천만

• Practical Number Writing Examples

  • $25$: 이십오 (이 십 오)
  • $303$: 삼백삼 (삼 백 삼)

Counters and Numeric Units

• 층 (Floor): Used to indicate building levels.
• 호 (Room number): Used for specific room designations.
• 쪽 (Page): Used for locating information in books.
• 년 (Year): Used for dates.
• 번 버스 (Bus number): Used to identify specific bus routes.
• 원 (Korean currency): The basic unit of money in South Korea.

Nouns and Objects

• 우산 (Umbrella): An object used for protection against rain.
• 꽃 (Flower): A decorative plant.
• 차 (Tea): A beverage.
• 사전 (Dictionary): A reference book for vocabulary.
• 공책 (Notebook): A book for writing notes.
• 가방 (Bag): A container for items.
• 의자 (Chair): A piece of furniture for sitting.
• 날씨 (Weather): Atmospheric conditions.
• 드라마 (Drama): A television show or play.
• 컴퓨터 (Computer): An electronic device.
• 빵 (Bread): A food item made from flour.
• 안경 (Glasses): Frames with lenses used to aid vision.
• 모자 (Hat; cap): A headcover.

Adjectives and Tense Conjugations

Each adjective following shows the present tense, past tense, and future/probability conjugation.

1. 있을 거예요 (To exist)

   • Present: 있어요
   • Past: 있었어요
   • Future/Prob: 있을 거예요
   • English meaning: There is/are; I have.

2. 없다 (To not exist)

   • Present: 없어요
   • Past: 없었을 거예요 (Implicitly: 없었어요)
   • Future/Prob: 없을 거예요
   • English meaning: There isn't/aren't; I don't have.

3. 맛있다 (To be tasty)

   • Present: 맛있어요
   • Past: 맛있었어요
   • Future/Prob: 맛있을 거예요

4. 맛없다 (To be not tasty)

   • Present: 맛없어요
   • Past: 맛없었어요
   • Future/Prob: 맛없을 거예요

5. 재미있다 (To be interesting)

   • Present: 재미있어요
   • Past: 재미있었어요
   • Future/Prob: 재미있을 거예요

6. 재미없다 (To be not interesting)

   • Present: 재미없어요
   • Past: 재미없었어요
   • Future/Prob: 재미없을 거예요

7. 비싸다 (To be expensive)

   • Present: 비싸요
   • Past: 비쌌어요
   • Future/Prob: 비쌀 거예요

8. 싸다 (To be cheap)

   • Present: 싸요
   • Past: 쌌어요
   • Future/Prob: 쌀 거예요

9. 좋다 (To be good)

   • Present: 좋아요
   • Past: 좋았어요
   • Future/Prob: 좋을 거예요

10. 나쁘다 (To be bad)

    • Present: 나빠요
    • Past: 나빴어요
    • Future/Prob: 나쁠 거예요

11. 예쁘다 (To be pretty)

    • Present: 예뻐요
    • Past: 예뻤어요
    • Future/Prob: 예쁠 거예요

Essential Expressions and Phrases

• Inquiring about Phone Numbers

  • 전화번호가 뭐예요? (What is your phone number?)
  • 전화번호가 몇 번이에요? (What is the phone number?)
  • 전화번호가 어떻게 돼요? (What is your phone number?)
  • 전화번호 좀 가르쳐 주세요. (Please tell me your phone number.)

• Inquiring about Price and Quality

  • 얼마예요? (How much is it?)
  • 어때요? (How is it?)

Exercise and Comprehension Practices

• Question and Answer Matching
  • 누가 있어요? (Who is there?) matches with 학생이 있어요. (A student is there.)
  • 뭐가 있어요? (What is there?) matches with 꽃이 있어요. (There is a flower.)
  • 꽃이 어때요? (How is the flower?) matches with 꽃이 예뻐요. (The flower is pretty.)
  • 학생이 뭐 해요? (What is the student doing?) matches with 학생이 공부해요. (The student is studying.)