love an dfriendshop

1. Friendship Formation

Proximity (Most Influential Factor)

  • Physical closeness increases interaction frequency.

  • Repeated contact strengthens familiarity and comfort.

  • Drives formation of small social clusters (e.g., seating patterns).

Mere Exposure Effect
Mere Exposure Effect

  • Repeated exposure increases liking.

  • Can also reinforce disliking if initial reaction is negative.

Other Key Factors

  • Similarity: Shared values, interests, attitudes → stronger bonds.

  • Reciprocal Liking: People prefer those who show positive regard toward them.

  • Physical Attractiveness: Often correlates with initial attraction.

  • Utilitarian Value: Friendships based on practical benefits or access.

2. Theories of Love

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory
Triangular Theory of Love

Three components:

  • Intimacy: Emotional closeness

  • Passion: Physical attraction, arousal

  • Commitment: Decision to maintain relationship

Types of Love:

  • Consummate Love: High intimacy + passion + commitment

  • Romantic Love: Intimacy + passion

  • Infatuation: Passion only

  • Companionate Love: Intimacy + commitment

Rubin’s Theory of Love
Zick Rubin

  • Attachment: Desire for closeness

  • Caring: Willingness to sacrifice

  • Intimacy: Sharing thoughts and emotions

Hatfield’s Distinction
Elaine Hatfield

  • Passionate Love: Intense longing and physiological arousal

  • Companionate Love: Deep affection and long-term bonding

3. Prosocial Behavior

Definitions

  • Prosocial Behavior: Actions intended to benefit others

  • Altruism: Helping without expectation of personal gain

Biological Perspective

  • Helping behavior may be genetically influenced.

  • Greater likelihood of helping those with shared genetic traits (kin selection).

4. When Do People Help?

Bystander Effect
Bystander Effect

  • More bystanders → lower probability of individual helping.

  • Slower response time in group settings.

Mechanisms:

  • Diffusion of Responsibility: Responsibility spreads across group.

  • Pluralistic Ignorance: Individuals assume situation is non-emergency because others are inactive.

Key Study Origin
Bibb Latané
John Darley

5. Core Synthesis

  • Social bonds form primarily through exposure, similarity, and mutual reinforcement.

  • Love is multi-component, not a single emotion.

  • Helping behavior is context-dependent, not purely moral.

  • Group presence often reduces individual responsibility and action.