Introductory Chemistry (CH 1002) Test 3 Notes
Section A
Muscle Contraction
Myosin is involved in muscle contractions.
Protein Functionality
A protein is functional at the quaternary level of organization.
Defense Protein
Gamma-globulins are defense proteins.
Proteins in Plants
Fibrous proteins are not typically found in plants.
Largest Known Protein
Titin is the largest known protein.
Amino Acid Classification
Based on metabolic fate, amino acids are classified as glucogenic, ketogenic, or both.
Non-Essential Amino Acid
Tyrosine is not an essential amino acid.
Semi-Essential Amino Acid
Histidine is a semi-essential amino acid.
Amino Acid Conformation in Humans
Amino acids found in humans are in the L conformation.
Achiral Carbon Amino Acid
Glycine has an achiral carbon.
Nonapeptide and Mood
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide that plays a role in mood changes.
Nonpolar, Aliphatic R Groups
Glycine, alanine, and leucine contain nonpolar, aliphatic R groups.
Amino Acids with Negative Net Charge at pH 7.0:
Aspartate and glutamate have R groups with a negative net charge at pH 7.0.
Isoelectric Point Calculation
Given and , the isoelectric point is calculated as:
Peptide Bond Formation
During peptide bond formation, a hydroxyl group is lost from the carboxyl group of one amino acid, and a hydrogen atom is lost from the amino group of another amino acid.
Peptide Bond Type
A peptide bond is a covalent bond.
Tripeptide Structure
A tripeptide has 3 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds.
Amino Acids with Aromatic Side Chain
Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are amino acids with aromatic side chains.
Amino Acid with Zero Net Charge at Physiological pH
Glutamine (Gln) has a net charge of zero at physiological pH (7.0).
Protein Transport
Ferritin does not function as a transport molecule.
Secondary Protein Structures
The two common structures at the secondary level of a protein are alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets.
Secondary Level of Protein
The secondary level of a protein is primarily due to hydrogen bonding.
Fibrous Protein
Keratin is a fibrous protein.
N-Terminal Amino Acid
The amino acid on the N-terminal is Phenylalanine (F).
C-Terminal Amino Acid
The amino acid on the C-terminal is Tyrosine (Y).
Number of Peptide Bonds
There would be 11 peptide bonds joining the molecule together.
Molecule Type
This molecule is a Dodecapeptide.
Three-Letter-Abbreviation
The three-letter-abbreviation for the amino acid labelled I is Ile.
Amino Acid Classification
According to structure and chemical properties, amino acid M (Methionine) is classified as being Non-polar.
Amino Acid L
Amino acid L is Leucine.
Non-Aromatic Amino Acid
Threonine is not an aromatic amino acid.
Non-Ketogenic Amino Acid
Tryptophan is not a Ketogenic amino acid.
Bleomycin Type
Bleomycin is a Peptide anticancer drug.
Glutathione Properties
Glutathione is both an antioxidant and a tripeptide.
Aspartame Use
Aspartame is a peptide used as a food sweetener.
Enkephalins Function
Enkephalins are painkillers.
Peptide Hormone Regulating Muscle Tone
Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that plays a role in regulating the tone of muscles in blood vessels.
Non-Fibrous Protein
Actin is not a fibrous protein.
GABA Synthesis
GABA is made from Glu (Glutamate).
Serotonin Synthesis
Serotonin is made from Tryptophan.
Histamine Synthesis
Histamine is made from Histidine.
Porphyrin Synthesis
Porphyrins are made from Succinyl CoA and Glycine.
Largest Known Protein
The largest known protein is Titin.
Smallest Known Protein
None of the options given are correct
Solely Glucogenic Amino Acid
Proline is solely Glucogenic.
Number of Peptide Bonds
A protein with 879 amino acids would contain 878 peptide bonds.
Hemoglobin Properties
Hemoglobin is both a globular protein and a transport protein.
Lipoprotein Properties
Lipoproteins are transport proteins, used to transport lipids, and are globular proteins.
Non-Protein Function
Relaxation of muscles is not a function for Proteins.
Non-Amino Acid Neurotransmitter
None of the above are NOT neurotransmitter made from amino acids.