oops mid

I Year B.Tech II SEM Overview

  • Course Code: R18A0502

  • Credits: L 4, T/P/D 1/-/-

  • Total Credits: 3

Objectives

  • Understand concepts of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) versus Procedure Oriented Programming (POP).

  • Distinguish between functions, classes, and objects.

  • Learn to overload functions and operators.

  • Design applications using dynamic memory management techniques.

  • Implement generic programming and exception handling.

Unit I: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

  • Object-Oriented Paradigm

    • OOP vs. Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP): OOP is based on objects while POP is based on functions.

    • Basic Concepts: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism.

    • Benefits of OOP include code reusability, maintainability, and scalability.

    • Structure of a C++ program includes namespaces, data types, tokens, identifiers, variables, constants, operators, control structures & loops.

Unit II: Functions, Classes, and Objects

  • Classes and Objects

    • Class Definition: Data members and member functions.

    • Access Control: Public, Private, Protected.

    • Static Data Members and Functions: Understand memory allocation nuances.

    • Arrays of Objects: Declaring and using arrays of classes.

    • Friend Functions: Functions that can access private members of a class.

Unit III: Constructors, Destructors, Inheritance

  • Constructors and Destructors

    • Types of Constructors: Default, Parameterized, Copy.

    • Destructors: Clean up resources.

  • Inheritance

    • Types: Single, Multiple, Multi-level, Hierarchical, Hybrid.

    • Derived classes inherit properties from base classes and can extend functionality.

Unit IV: Pointers, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism

  • Memory Management: Using new and delete operators.

  • Pointers

    • Pointer to objects, pointers to derived classes.

  • Polymorphism:

    • Compile Time vs. Run Time Polymorphism.

    • Virtual functions and their role in dynamic binding.

    • Function and Operator Overloading: Mechanism and syntax.

Unit V: Templates and Exception Handling

  • Templates

    • Class and Function Templates with examples.

    • Templates allow creating functions and classes with generic types.

  • Exception Handling

    • Basics: Try, Catch, and Throw mechanism.

    • Types of Exceptions: Standard exceptions and user-defined exceptions.

Outcomes

  • Differentiate OOP and POP.

  • Construct classes, functions, and manage object-oriented programming.

  • Implement constructors, destructors, and inheritance in C++.

  • Apply exception handling and generic programming techniques.

Recommended Textbooks

  1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by Balagurusamy

  2. C++, the Complete Reference, 4th Edition by Herbert Schildt

References

  1. C++ Primer, 3rd Edition by S.B. Lippman and J. Lajoie

  2. The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition by B. Stroustrup

Detailed Concepts in Object Oriented Programming

Concepts of OOP

  • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a class.

  • Data Abstraction: Hiding complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts.

  • Polymorphism: The ability to process objects differently based on their data type or class.

  • Inheritance: Mechanism by which one class can inherit properties and methods from another.

  • Dynamic Binding: Resolving function calls at runtime.

  • Message Passing: Objects communicate by sending messages to one another.

Differences Between OOP and POP

  • OOP uses objects; POP uses functions.

  • OOP emphasizes data encapsulation; POP emphasizes procedure.

  • OOP supports inheritance and polymorphism; POP does not.

  • OOP is more secure with access specifiers; POP lacks this feature.

Basic Structure of C++ Program

  • Documentation Section: Program objectives, authors, logic explained within comments.

  • Linking Section: Include header files and libraries.

  • Definition Section: Define constants and macros.

  • Global Declaration Section: Global variables and class definitions.

  • Member Function Definition: Define the functions that implement the logic.

  • Main Function: Entry point for program execution.

Data Types

  • Primary Data Types: int, char, float, double, bool, void.

  • Derived Data Types: arrays, pointers, references.

  • User-defined Data Types: structures, unions, and enumerations.

C++ Tokens

  • Identifiers: Names for variables, functions, and arrays with rules for declaration.

  • Keywords: Reserved words for constructed statements.

  • Constants: Unchangeable values during program execution, distinguishing primary and secondary constants.

Operators and Expressions

  • Four types of operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, and conditional.

  • The concept of expressions formed by operands and operators in C++.

  • Control statements to manage the flow of the program, including sequential, conditional, and looping constructs.