The New Republic Review

The New Republic Review

For each of the following bullets, you should define/apply/give examples (explain its importance?).

Presidential Precedents

• D: An action or decision by a POTUS that later serves as an example.

• A: Washington was the first president, so all his decisions regarding the Executive Branch would establish precedents for future presidents.

• E: Serving two terms, establishing a cabinet of advisors, wearing civilian clothing.

Washington’s Farewell Address

• D: A political address where Washington warned the nation to avoid entanglements in foreign affairs, emphasized the negatives of political parties, the need for neutrality, and the benefits of unity.

• A: His farewell address kept the U.S. out of foreign conflicts and influenced future leaders.

Louisiana Purchase

• D: The French sold Louisiana to the U.S.A. for $15 million.

• A: Doubled the size of the U.S., gained access to New Orleans and Mississippi.

• O: Year 1803.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

• D: Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to map and explore Louisiana.

• A: Discovered water routes, studied land and resources, and established relations with Natives. They went all the way to the Pacific and made forts.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan and Compromise - Capital D.C.

• D: Hamilton wanted the national government to assume all federal and state debts.

• A: Occupants from the revolution made national banks, protective tariffs, and a whiskey tax.

• E: Helped get the nation out of debt.

Democratic-Republicans (Political Parties)

• D: Rule by the people, strong state government, strict interpretation of the Constitution, support for agriculture-based economy, and support for the French.

• A: Carried out the first peaceful transfer of power in U.S. politics.

• E: Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, James Madison, James Monroe.

Whiskey Rebellion

• D: A tax on American-made whiskey led to anger and a group of farmers violently rebelling against the government.

• A: Washington led troops to put down the rebellion, which showed federal power.

Federalism (Political Parties)

• D: Aristocratic elite and powerful families should rule, favored Britain, loose interpretation of the Constitution, supported a mixed national bank, manufacturing-based economy.

• A: First political party in the U.S.

• E: John Adams, Alexander Hamilton.

Elements of Neoclassicism

• Stressed reason, judgment, and common sense.

• Valued society as a whole, believed in order of all things.

• Maintained traditional standards.

• Respected church and state, Greeks and Romans, Enlightenment, and age of reason.

Elements of Neoclassical Architecture

• Simplicity and balance.

• Greek columns and Roman arches.

• Domes.

• Clear horizontal and vertical lines.

• Minimal ornamentation.

• A: Reflected rationalism of the time.

Elements of Neoclassicism in American Art

• References to classical themes.

• Clean, hard edges to figures.

• Stage-like paintings.

• Visible planning.

• Minimal decoration.

McCulloch v. Maryland

• D: McCulloch refused to pay taxes, and Maryland took them to court.

• A: This made it to the Supreme Court and established that the federal government was stronger than state governments (Supremacy Clause).

Embargo Act

• D: Passed to punish Britain and France for impressment by blocking trade.

• A: Crippled the U.S. economy.

Hartford Convention

• D: Federalists met to oppose the War of 1812 and came out with their grievances after the war ended.

• A: This ended the Federalist party.

War Hawks

• D: Several young members of Congress who were Democratic-Republicans that called for war against the British for impressment.

• A: They persuaded the U.S.A. to go to war with the British.

• E: John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay.

XYZ Affair

• D: French diplomats named “X, Y, and Z” met with Americans to discuss negotiations but would not meet unless they got a bribe.

• A: Americans were outraged and felt disrespected by this.

Alien and Sedition Acts

• D: Made it illegal to publish criticism of the federal government.

• P: Allowed the president to deport immigrants considered dangerous.

• A: This was controversial because it violated the 1st Amendment and targeted immigrants.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolution

• D: Claimed the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

• A: Got rid of the Alien and Sedition Acts. → (States opposing a federal law.)

John Marshall

• D: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court elected by John Adams in his Midnight Appointments.

• A: Established Judicial Review and was involved in important court cases.

Election of 1800

• D: Federalists John Adams and running mate Pinckney ran against Democratic-Republicans Jefferson and Burr.

• A: Jefferson won, and it was the first peaceful transfer of power.

• O: Also required the 12th Amendment.

Marbury v. Madison

• D: This case was over when Marbury was appointed but never received commission and took Madison to court.

• A: This case established Judicial Review.

War of 1812

• D: War fought between U.S.A. and Britain over the impressment of U.S. sailors.

• A: Showed that the U.S.A. was a world power and caused an era of good feelings.

Battle of New Orleans

• D: Battle took place in New Orleans two weeks after the War of 1812 ended.

• A: Andrew Jackson beat the British overwhelmingly.

• E: Made Jackson a national hero.

Treaty of Ghent

• D: Ended the War of 1812.

• A: Weakened Natives, boosted nationalism, increased industrialization.

Monroe Doctrine

• D: Document written to Europe telling them to stay out of American affairs.

• A: This showed that the U.S.A. wasn’t going to be pushed around and reinforced the Era of Good Feelings.

Assignments to Study in Addition to the Bullet Points:

• Visionary Leaders Notes

• New Republic Document Analysis

• Neoclassicism

• Economy and Hamilton

• John Marshall and the Supreme Court

• Lewis and Clark Notes

• War of 1812

• Election of 1800 Janus