Trends in Health Behavior - Tagged

Page 1: Title

  • Trends in Health Behavior Theory, Research, and Practice

  • Spring 2025

Page 2: Definition of Health Behavior

  • Health Behavior: Actions taken by individuals, groups, and organizations regarding health.

  • Encompasses:

    • Determinants of actions

    • Correlations

    • Consequences of actions

  • Includes components such as:

    • Social change

    • Policy development and implementation

    • Improved coping skills

    • Enhanced quality of life

Page 3: Public Health Trends (1900 - 2018)

  • Shift in Morbidity and Mortality

    • Increase in life expectancy over time due to various public health initiatives.

  • Key Public Health Improvements:

    • Vaccinations for childhood diseases

    • Control of infectious diseases

    • Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard

    • Employment of safer workplaces

    • Fluoridation of drinking water

    • Increased access to healthier foods

    • Improved health outcomes for mothers and infants

    • Family planning initiatives

    • Implementation of the Affordable Care Act

Page 4: Focus from 1990

  • Increased interest in preventing disability and death, reflected in:

    • Changes in lifestyle factors

    • Adoption of preventative screening approaches.

Page 5: Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors

  • Major behavior-related risk factors include:

    • Tobacco use: Leading preventable cause of disease.

    • Alcohol use: Risk of addiction and associated health problems.

    • Dietary risks: Poor nutrition impacting health.

    • Child and maternal malnutrition: Affecting child growth and development.

    • Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyle contributing to chronic diseases.

    • Stress management: Importance of coping with stress effectively.

Page 6: Chronic Disease Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors for chronic diseases:

    • Obesity: Associated with numerous health conditions.

    • Kidney dysfunction: Can lead to severe health complications.

    • Elevated blood pressure: Major risk for heart disease.

    • Elevated blood glucose: Indicator of diabetes risk.

    • Elevated blood lipids: Links to cardiovascular issues.

Page 7: Health Behavior Theories

  • Draw from various fields including:

    • Psychology

    • Sociology

    • Data Science

    • Anthropology

    • Communications

    • Nursing

    • Economics

    • Marketing

    • Epidemiology

    • Statistics

    • Medicine

Page 8: Health Behavior Theories, Models, and Frameworks Timeline

  • 1986-2019: Evolution of health behavior theories shown through cited works, including:

    • Health Belief Model

    • Social Learning Theory

    • Theory of Reasoned Action

    • Social Cognitive Theory

    • Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change

    • Ecological Models

    • Diffusion of Innovations

Page 9: Questions for Theory Selection

  • Prior to choosing a health behavior theory, consider:

    • What is the problem?

    • What is the goal?

    • What are the units of practice?

Page 10: Established Theories/Models/Frameworks

  • Theories/models with proven longevity include:

    • Health Belief Model

    • Social Cognitive Theory

    • Theory of Planned Behavior

    • Transtheoretical Model

    • Social Ecological Model

    • Diffusion of Innovations

Page 11: Health Belief Model (HBM)

  • Focuses on individual attitudes and beliefs regarding health behavior:

    1. Perceived seriousness of the disease.

    2. Perceived susceptibility to the disease.

    3. Assessment of whether new behavior can reduce risk.

    4. Self-efficacy assessment – belief in one's ability to perform the behavior.

Page 12: Social Cognitive Theory

  • Emphasizes learning within a social context, highlighting that:

    • Much learning occurs through observation of others.

Page 13: Theory of Planned Behavior

  • Suggests individuals engage in thoughtful evaluation before acting:

    • Consider intentions before behaviors.

    • Account for moral beliefs regarding the behavior.

    • Consider perceived social pressures concerning the behavior.

Page 14: Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change

  • Change progresses through five stages:

    1. Pre-contemplation: No intention to change.

    2. Contemplation: Acknowledgment of the desire to change.

    3. Planning: Preparation for change.

    4. Action: Active change implementation.

    5. Maintenance: Sustaining the change over time.

Page 15: Social Ecological Model (SEM)

  • Assumes changes at a social level will influence personal behavior:

    • Emphasizes intervention at multiple levels for greatest effect.

Page 16: Diffusion of Innovations

  • Details the process through which innovations are spread:

    • Communication within a specific social system over time and through distinct channels.

Page 17: Evaluating Theory Adequacy

  • Criteria for assessing theory include:

    • Logic of the theory

    • Broader applicability

    • Complexity of the theory

    • Plausibility and conformity to reality

Page 18: Page Title Reiteration

  • Trends in Health Behavior Theory, Research, and Practice

  • Spring 2025