Case

Case

• Russian nouns, adjectives & pronouns have endings that indicate their function in the sentence, rather than the word order (word with oooh ending is the receiving object)

• Case system = system of putting endings on nouns, adjectives and pronouns

• Russian has 6 cases: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental & prepositional

Nominative Case uses

• Grammatical subject of sentence (Noun or subject that does the action) eg. John is American

• To predicate complement (Word/phrase that comes after forms of the word to be eg. is, are, was, were) eg. John is American

• The base form of the word (The one in a dictionary or on a word list)

Prepositional Case use

• After B (in) to answer the question of where

• Most common: add e & drop й, а, я

• Never use ие in prepositional case, use ии

• Foreign names ending in о, и & у never change

• Special cases: In the city of: Add prepositional letter to городе OR dont include городе OR add prepositional letter to городе as well as city name

• In the state of: State name plus prepositional OR State of plus prepositional + state name without prepositional (never both with prepositional)

• Bo vs B : B unless next letter is B or ф plus an additional consonant

• Bo is always pronounced Ba