mod 13

Your body’s incredible defense system.

Protects you from:

Invading microorganisms

Harmful chemicals

Foreign substance

Your own homemade but deadly cancer cells

Integumentary system

Skin- shield against invasion.

Skins blood vessels contract to prevent heat loss or dilate to release heat from your body. Your skin contains a chemical that sunlight can transform into vitamin D.

Epidermis is skin. As epidermal cells mature they go through the following process: they move from the lower levels toward the surface of the skin. They make keratin as they pushed up. Keratin is protein that toughens cells and kink cells together to prevent water loss and create an impermeable barrier. They absorb melanin along the way. When the cells reach the surface they lose connection to the other cells and are exfoliated. It takes about 50 days for new cell to reach the surface and be shed. Color of your skin is determined by how much melanin each epidermal cell absorbs. Melanin is made from melanocytes. Melanin protects your skin from UV light. Freckles- small areas in skin where melanocytes make more melanin.

Mile- darker than a freckle is a gardening of melanocytes in the skin that provides a liberal supply of melanin to the surrounding epidermal cells. Moles can be raised and have hair grow out of them.

Harmless but look for- mole not all same color. A growing mole. Irregular edges. Bigger than tip of a pencil eraser. Melanoma- dangerous skin cancer that can happen to young people.

Su burn- damaged epidermal cells Dan and cause cells to die which starts inflammation with redness and swelling. Treat by drinking a lot of water and putting aloe on.

Warts- caused by viruses. Most go away.

Dandruff- caused by epidermal cells that multiply too quickly. Can be treated with anti dandruff shampoo that slows the duplication.

Psoriases- more severe than dandruff layers of epidermis that flake as large, can occur anywhere on body. Treated with sunshine and UV light therapy or medication.

Burns- injury caused to the skin by heat, sunlight, ever cold, harsh chemicals or electricity.

3 degrees of burn. 1st red and painful, second blistering, third very bad.

Hair/ two types of hair. Vellus and terminal.

Vellus is short fine hair no pigment and all over body. Terminal hair- longer, thicker, pigmented with melanin, scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, after puberty- lots and pubic areas.

Nails. fingernails and toenails grow form the matrix cells and slide over to the nail bed.

Part of the nail matrix can be seen through the nail as a light crescent at the nails base.

Nail health can be affected by nutrition.

Oil glands- also called sebaceous glands. Attach to hair follicle. Produce sebum clear oil that lubericates the hair as it grows out of the follicle and moisturizes the epidermis.

Acne- is a bacterial infection in the hair follicle. Is a result of blockage of the hair follicle by sebum and keratin.

Sweat glands.sweat is a mixture of salt water and a little bit of waste chemicals. Located in dermis. Glands are tiny coiled tubes that empty through sweat pores in the epidermis. Apocrine sweat glands activated by puberty. Release sweat that contains lipids that feet odor producing bacteria. Located in armpits, genital region, and the soles of feet.

Mucous membranes

Skin protects outside surface

Cavities of body that open to the outside are protect with mucous membrane (mouth nose and ANUS)

Mucous membrane- made of two layers.

-surface is layer of epithelial cells that may contain mucus making goblet cells.

-deeper layer is connective tissue providing nerves and blood vessels

Bacteria in the mouth

Plaque

Sticky film on the teeth formed by good particles bacteria and products in bacteria.

Mouth sores

Canker sore

Inside the mouth

Caused by damage to eating too many sweets.

Resolve itself can treat with vitamin c and b complex

Cold sore

Cluster of tiny sore typically found on the outside of the lips

Caused by viruses

Can spread from one person to another by the sharing of personal items such as razors lip balm or eating utensils,