Flashcard Set: Chapter 2 - Management Theory

Flashcard Set: Chapter 2 - Management Theory

Front: How has management evolved from the early 1900s to the present?

Back:

• Early theories focused on efficiency and structure (scientific management).

• Modern theories consider human behavior and adaptability (behavioral and quantitative methods).

Front: What are the three historical viewpoints of management?

Back:

1. Classical Viewpoint – Focuses on efficiency through scientific and administrative management.

2. Behavioral Viewpoint – Focuses on human relations and motivation.

3. Quantitative Viewpoint – Uses statistics and mathematical models for decision-making.

Front: What are the three contemporary viewpoints of management?

Back:

1. Systems Viewpoint – Organizations function as interrelated parts within an environment.

2. Contingency Viewpoint – Managerial actions should be tailored to specific situations.

3. Quality-Management Viewpoint – Focuses on continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.

Front: What are the key learnings from historical and contemporary management theories?

Back:

• Management requires flexibility, efficiency, human relations, and evidence-based decision-making.

Insights of the Classical View of Management

Front: What does process and quality management focus on?

Back:

• Improving productivity and efficiency through structured processes.

Front: What is Scientific Management?

Back:

• A method developed by Frederick Taylor & the Gilbreths to improve efficiency through scientific work studies.

Front: What are Taylor’s Four Principles of Scientific Management?

Back:

1. Scientifically study tasks.

2. Select workers based on abilities.

3. Train and incentivize workers.

4. Use scientific planning methods.

Front: What did the Gilbreths contribute to management?

Back:

• Studied motion efficiency to reduce wasted effort.

• Identified 17 basic motions to optimize work.

Front: What is Contingency Theory?

Back:

• Management approaches should be tailored to specific circumstances rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach.

Front: What is Open System Theory?

Back:

• Organizations interact with their environment and adapt to changes.

Front: What is Evidence-Based Management?

Back:

• Uses scientific research to improve decision-making.

Principles of the Behavioral View of Management

Front: What are Theory X & Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)?

Back:

• Theory X – Assumes workers dislike work and require strict supervision.

• Theory Y – Assumes workers are self-motivated and capable of responsibility.

Front: What is the Hawthorne Effect (Elton Mayo)?

Back:

• Workers perform better when they feel managers care about them.

Front: What are the key concepts of the Behavioral Viewpoint?

Back:

1. Behaviorism – Understanding human behavior in the workplace.

2. Human Relations – Better human relations increase productivity.

3. Behavioral Science – Uses psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics to improve management.

Quantitative Approaches to Problem Solving

Front: What are the two quantitative approaches to management?

Back:

1. Management Science – Uses mathematical models and statistics for decision-making.

2. Operations Management – Focuses on production, work scheduling, facility design, and efficiency.

Systems View of Management

Front: What is the Systems Viewpoint?

Back:

• Organizations function as systems of interrelated parts within an environment.

Front: What are the two types of systems?

Back:

• Closed Systems – Limited interaction with the environment.

• Open Systems – Continuously interact and adapt to the environment.

Front: What are key concepts in the Systems Viewpoint?

Back:

• Synergy – When different parts work together to produce better results.

• Complexity Theory – Organizations function as complex networks that evolve over time.

Front: Why is the Systems Viewpoint useful?

Back:

• Helps organizations adapt and respond to external changes.

No Single Best Way to Manage

Front: What is the Contingency Viewpoint?

Back:

• No single best way to manage—strategies should adapt based on the situation.

Front: What is Evidence-Based Decision-Making?

Back:

• Encourages using data and research to make informed management decisions.

Front: What is the Quality-Management Viewpoint?

Back:

• Focuses on continuous improvement, quality control, and customer satisfaction.

Front: What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Back:

• A management approach focused on:

1. Continuous improvement

2. Employee involvement

3. Customer feedback

4. Eliminating errors

Front: Why is there no one best way to manage in all situations?

Back:

Businesses must be flexible, adaptable, and use different approaches depending on circumstances.