Unit1.Intro

Course Information

  • Course Title: Biology 150: Human Anatomy

  • Instructor: Jane Gair

Class Overview

  • Housekeeping Topics:

    • Class list, course outline, D2L overview, etc.

  • Class Focus:

    • Introduction to key definitions and concepts, regional terms, body planes, and directional terms.

  • Image Credits:

    • All images sourced from Co, Anatomy & Physiology, 1st Ed., unless specified otherwise.

Retention Rates

  • We retain:

    • 10% of what we read

    • 20% of what we hear

    • 30% of what we see

    • 50% of what we hear and see

    • 70% of what we say

    • 90% of what we say and do

Study Tips

  • Practice: Emphasize continual practice.

  • Review Strategies:

    • Review early and often.

    • Form study groups to teach and quiz one another.

    • Create a glossary or flashcards for terminology.

  • Assignments & Quizzes: Useful for practice and reinforcement.

  • Preparation: Read lecture notes/text and labs before class; complete pre-lab exercises.

Systems Studied in Class

  • Integumentary System:

    • Protects against pathogens and fluid loss, provides sensory reception.

  • Skeletal System:

    • Supports and protects the body.

  • Muscular System:

    • Facilitates movement, contributes to temperature regulation.

  • Lymphatic System:

    • Regulates fluid balance, houses immune cells.

  • Respiratory System:

    • Exchanges air; facilitates gas diffusion.

  • Digestive System:

    • Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients.

  • Nervous System:

    • Acts as a sensor for homeostasis, connects the brain to the body.

  • Endocrine System:

    • Secretes hormones regulating bodily processes.

  • Cardiovascular System:

    • Distributes oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste; regulates temperature.

  • Urinary System:

    • Maintains blood pressure, pH, removes waste.

  • Reproductive Systems:

    • Produces/exchanges gametes; supports fetal development.

Key Definitions

  • Biology: The study of life and living organisms.

  • Anatomy: The study of structure (Biol 150).

  • Physiology: The study of function (Biol 151).

Levels of Organization

  • Chemical Level: Atoms and DNA.

    • Cellular Level: Cells (cytology).

    • Tissue Level: Tissues (histology).

    • Organ Level: Organs (e.g., heart).

    • System Level: Groups of organs working together (e.g., Cardiovascular System).

    • Organism Level: The complete living organism.

Aspects of Anatomy

  • Five Aspects of Anatomy:

    • Name

    • Structure

    • Function

    • Location

    • Relationship

Anatomical Terms

  • Importance of Anatomical Terms:

    • Regional terms, directional terms, sectional planes, and body cavities are crucial for understanding anatomy.

Anatomical Position and Regional Terminology

  • Cranial Region: Head regions like frontal, ocular, buccal, etc.

  • Upper Limb Terms: Brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, carpal, etc.

  • Lower Limb Terms: Femoral, patellar, crural, tarsal, etc.

  • Body Regions: Anterior/posterior views detailed in anatomical images.

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

  • Regions:

    • Right/Epigastric, Left/Hypochondriac, Umbilical, etc.

  • Quadrants:

    • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).

Directional Terms

  • Basic Directional Terms:

    • Superior, Inferior, Anterior (ventral), Posterior (dorsal), Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal.

Sectional Planes

  • Understanding Planes: Think in 3D when viewing 2D "slices."

    • Frontal (coronal) plane

    • Transverse (horizontal) plane

    • Sagittal plane

Body Cavities Overview

  • General Definition: Body cavities may refer to general or true cavities.

  • True Body Cavities: Are closed, fluid-filled, and lined with serous membranes, with visceral and parietal layers.

Specific Cavities

  • Pleural and Pericardial Cavities:

    • Pleural cavities for lungs; pericardial cavity for heart.

    • Mediastinum contains the heart and separates the pleural cavities.

  • Peritoneal Cavity:

    • Part of the abdominopelvic cavity; defines retroperitoneal and infraperitoneal organs.

Homework Assignments

  • Review Focus Areas:

    • Cellular structure, organelles, basic membrane structure.

    • Suggested reading: Chapter 4 from the textbook and page 6 from the colouring book (Saladin, 2012).