Marine ecosystems - intertidal rocky shores ad mudflats.

Coral reef & mudflats

taking out the mangrove (all the silt gone) will take out the coral reef. They evolved together over a long period of time.

If coral is removed the mangrove will die due to the intense ocean currents, coral reef can block a majority of it off.

Artic/Antarctic seas

sea water can be 0 degrees and below

antifreeze proteins

anti frost potato using antifreeze proteins

whales are going up north because of the plankton,

Food web artic/Antarctic diagram

Pelagic

Epipelagic → plankton

Primary production

Phytoplankton

Portuguese man-of-war

Krill

humpback whale hunting them.

White tip shark, red sea → German tourist was killed there

African cattle dumped overboard due to it being killed during transport and sharks can mistake humans as the cows.

Sail fish → bait ball (fish/anchovies), free for all carnivores, octopus too damn

Olfaction - combination of taste and smell underwater → sharks

Sharks click their jaws, echo location??

Electroreception

Predation

  • borrowed venom…

  • vertical migration => epipelagic predators and prey are moved down.

  • Fish can do anything wtf, fish in australia desert can survived for 30 years dafuq

epipelagic food web

phytoplankton (photosynthesis) is the basic unit of this food web,

detritus (marine snow) => feces, scales, dead organisms etc.

Twilight zone. → Mesopelagic zone

Only a few species are known, one species was found in all oceans.

Icelandic doing a fishery for mesopelagic species to feed farm animals.

They are carbon pumps.

No primary production → reliant on the epipelagic primary production

reliant on the marine snow.

cookie cutter shark → pretends to be predators, bioluminescent → small cavities to farm bacteria for the illumination, opening and closing these pores.

lanternfish → bioluminescent cells

Macropinna microstoma → always looking up, eyes are inside

Challenges

Depth of 1000m and deeper;

Little food

No sunlight

Reproduction problems → mates are hard to find

Preys are hard to find

Sperm whales

hunting for giant squid

lowers blood flow

turns off bodily function for more time under water

Food web → marine snow diagram

Bathypelagic, Aphotic and Abyssalpelagic and deeper

Male angler fish → bites female; fuses it’s organs and reproduces,

95% is deep sea.