A2 essentials

  • Brainstem = midbrain, pons, medulla

  • Cerebellum = posterior to pons

  • Cerebrum = largest brain part

  • Central sulcus = frontal vs parietal

  • Grey matter = cell bodies

  • White matter = myelinated axons

  • Cranial nerves = 12 pairs

  • CN I (1) — Olfactory
    → Smell

  • CN II (2) — Optic
    → Vision

  • CN III (3) — Oculomotor
    → Eye movement

  • CN IV (4) — Trochlear
    → Eye movement

  • CN V (5) — Trigeminal
    → Chewing (mastication) and facial sensation

  • CN VI (6) — Abducens
    → Eye movement

  • CN VII (7) — Facial
    → Facial expression
    → Damage causes Bell’s palsy

  • CN VIII (8) — Vestibulocochlear
    → Hearing and balance

  • CN IX (9) — Glossopharyngeal
    → Swallowing
    → Gag reflex

  • CN X (10) — Vagus
    → Controls organs in thorax and abdomen

  • CN XI (11) — Accessory
    → Shoulder shrug

  • CN XII (12) — Hypoglossal
    → Tongue movement