Lesson 3

Kingdom of Bahrain

  • Ministry of Education

  • English Curriculum

  • Impact 2

  • Grade 8, Semester 2, Unit 5

  • Focus: Present Perfect Tense

  • Key Vocabulary: Ever, Never, Since, For, Yet

Lesson Objectives

  • By the end of this lesson, students will:

    • Identify the form and use of the present perfect tense.

    • Write sentences about themselves using the present perfect tense.

    • Identify and use vocabulary related to environments where extremophiles live.

Introduction to the Lesson

  • Importance of studying extremophiles (organisms that live in extreme environments).

  • Inquiry into why scientists might look for life on other planets, relating it to the search for water as a necessity for life.

Understanding the Present Perfect Tense

  • Usage of Present Perfect:

    1. To indicate an action that occurred in the past but has relevance or connection to the present.

      • Example: "I have already read the book, so I can tell you all about it."

    2. To describe events that happened in the past without a clear timeframe.

      • Example: "The moon has been explored."

    3. To show an action that began in the past and is still ongoing.

      • Example: "He has worked in this field since 1989."

    4. To highlight actions that have just been completed.

      • Example: "I have just painted the wall."

Structure of Present Perfect Tense

## Affirmative Form:

  • Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle

    • Example: "She has had a cold for a week."

    Negative Form:

  • Structure: Subject + has/have + not + past participle

    • Example: "He has not travelled since 1999."

    Pronouns in Affirmative/Negative Forms:

    1. He, She, It:

      • Affirmative: "She has lived in London since 1990."

      • Negative: "He has not seen Mary this month."

    2. I, You, We, They:

      • Affirmative: "They have lived in London since 1990."

      • Negative: "I have not seen Mary this month."

Grammar Tasks

## Task 1: Complete the Sentences
- Examples to practice:
- "Kevin Hand …………………..… (think) about life on other planets a lot."
- "He ………………….. (visit) several extreme environments."
- Solutions:
- Kevin Hand has thought about life on other planets a lot.
- He has visited several extreme environments.

## Task 2: Convert to Present Perfect
- Examples:
- "I / study / French."
- Solution: "I have studied French."
- "She / not / see / the film."
- Solution: "She hasn’t seen the film."

Usage of Time Expressions with Present Perfect Tense

## Common Expressions:

  • Since: Used with a specific point in time.

    • Examples: "I've known Karen since 1994."

  • For: Used with a period of time.

    • Examples: "She's had a cold for a week."

  • Yet: Used in questions/negatives.

    • Examples: "I haven’t gone to the library yet."

  • Already: Used in affirmative statements.

    • Examples: "She has already taken the sick cat to the vet."

  • Ever: Used in questions.

    • Examples: "Have you ever climbed a mountain?"

  • Never: Used in affirmative statements.

    • Examples: "He has never visited Alaska."

Question Formation in Present Perfect

  • Rule for Yes/No Questions:

    1. Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb (Past Participle)

      • Examples:

        • "Have you read this book about a sea creature?"

        • "Has she ever visited Spain?"

Final Task Examples: Self-Assessment and Reflections

  • Writing personal experience using present perfect:

    • "The coldest place I have ever been to is France."

    • Other examples:

      1. The strangest animal I have ever seen is a peacock spider.

      2. The biggest animal I have ever touched is an elephant.

      3. The most beautiful place I have ever gone to is Venice in Italy.

      4. The nastiest insect I have ever come across is a cockroach.

Study on Extremophiles

  • Definition: An extremophile is an organism thriving under extreme environmental conditions (extreme temperatures or pressures).

  • Examples: High-pressure, high-temperature environments; adaptations of extremophiles enable survival in such conditions.

  • Significance: Researchers study extremophiles to understand their adaptations and potential implications for life forms in extraterrestrial environments.

Conclusion

  • Reinforcement of learning about the present perfect tense and its applications in describing personal experiences and scientific inquiries into extremophiles and extreme environments.