Health, Lifestyle & Sleep Vocabulary

Diseases & Health Conditions

  • Diabetes

    • Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood-sugar levels.
    • Long-term complications: cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney failure, eye damage.
    • Lifestyle connection: excess sugar intake, obesity, sedentary habits.

  • Lung cancer ("ung thư phổi")

    • Malignant growth in lung tissue; leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.
    • Major risk factors: smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure to carcinogens (e.g., asbestos).
    • Early symptoms: persistent cough, chest pain, unexplained weight loss.

  • Digestive disorders (OCR fragment "nigestive")

    • Broad class including gastritis, ulcers, IBS, GERD.
    • Triggered by poor diet, stress, alcohol, certain medications.

  • Stroke

    • Sudden loss of brain function due to interrupted blood supply (ischemic) or bleeding (hemorrhagic).
    • Warning signs: facial droop, arm weakness, speech difficulty (remember FAST acronym).
    • Sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, diabetes increase risk.

Lifestyle Vocabulary & Concepts

  • Healthy lifestyle ("lối sống lành mạnh")

    • Balanced diet rich in fruit & vegetables.
    • Regular physical activity (≥ 150 min150\,\text{min} moderate exercise per week).
    • Adequate sleep, stress management, no tobacco, moderate alcohol.

  • Unhealthy lifestyle

    • High-sugar / high-fat diet, physical inactivity, chronic stress, substance abuse.
    • Directly linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, CVD, certain cancers.

  • Sedentary lifestyle

    • Prolonged sitting or minimal physical movement throughout the day.
    • Consequences: obesity, insulin resistance, musculoskeletal pain, elevated stroke risk.
    • Counter-measures: standing desks, walking meetings, scheduled exercise breaks.

Sleep & Rest Vocabulary

  • Pyjamas – clothing worn for sleeping; spelled “pajamas” (US) or “pyjamas” (UK).
  • Dreams – mental imagery during sleep; can be pleasant, bizarre, or mundane.
  • Nightmares – distressing dreams causing fear or anxiety; may lead to sudden awakening.
  • Yawning – reflex of opening the mouth wide and inhaling deeply; indicator of tiredness or boredom.
  • Sleepy – feeling ready to fall asleep; drowsy.
  • Fast asleep – sleeping deeply; difficult to wake.
  • Fall asleep – transition from wakefulness to sleep.
  • Set the alarm – program a clock to emit a sound at a chosen time to wake someone.
  • Alarm goes off – moment the alarm starts ringing.
  • Oversleep – sleep longer than intended; often results in being late.
  • Make (sb) up / Wake (sb) up – cause someone to stop sleeping (OCR shows “make &b up”).
  • Awake / Wide awake – fully conscious; no longer drowsy.
  • A lie-in – staying in bed later than usual, often on weekends or holidays.
Practical Usage & Scenarios
  • Example sentence: “I was fast asleep when the alarm went off, so I overslept and missed my meeting.”
  • Health advice: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle reduces the risk of stroke, diabetes, and lung cancer.
  • Cultural note: In Vietnamese, “lối sống lành mạnh” means healthy lifestyle, while “lối sống ít vận động” refers to a sedentary lifestyle.
Connections & Implications
  • Poor sleep quality (frequent nightmares, chronic oversleeping, irregular schedules) can exacerbate an unhealthy lifestyle and contribute to diseases like diabetes and stroke.
  • Sedentary lifestyle combined with inadequate sleep forms a high-risk cluster for NCDs.
Quick Reference Table
  • Healthy lifestyle ↔ prevents diabetes/stroke.
  • Sedentary lifestyle → higher risk of obesity, stroke, lung cancer (if combined with smoking).
  • Sleep vocabulary aids everyday communication about rest and wellbeing.