Week Four Study Notes: Library Types and Development in China
Week Four Library Types and Development in China
Introduction
Overview of the module's focus for the week:
Two Major Topics:
Library Types
Library Development in China
Library Types
Four Main Library Types:
Public Libraries:
Generally accessible to the general public; known for broad collections and community services.
Academic Libraries:
Libraries associated with colleges and universities; focus on supporting academic research and scholarship.
School Libraries:
Libraries serving K-12 institutions; aimed at supporting student learning and literacy.
Special Libraries:
Libraries that serve specific groups or institutions; examples:
Libraries in hospitals.
Libraries linked to federal or state agencies.
Law libraries, such as those in Washington State's county law libraries.
Libraries in museums, archives, historical centers, and presidential libraries.
Differences Across Library Types:
While operational processes may be similar, each type differs significantly in:
Funding Sources: Ranges from public funding to private grants.
Governance: Diverse management structures depending on the type of library.
Service Populations: Affects resource allocation, collection diversity, outreach efforts, and community engagement activities.
Articles for Reflection
Primary Readings:
Article: "Are Libraries Still Relevant in the 21st Century?"
Written between 2005-2009, still questions relevant to today.
Suggested reflection on the posed questions and themes.
Optional Readings:
Articles on literacy in America and leisure reading, with relevance to understanding library clientele.
American Library Association Report:
Annual report titled "The State of America’s Libraries"; details issues in libraries each year, including themes such as censorship and technological advancement.
Library Development in China
Historical Context:
China has a vast history, being the origin of paper and paper-making.
Before the 20th century, large portions of the population lacked literacy despite a long-standing bureaucratic and literary tradition.
Influence of Western Librarianship:
Modern library development began in the 20th century under Western impact, particularly from the U.S.
American and European presence in China led to the establishment of academic and public libraries, often driven by missionary activities promoting education.
Colonial Context and its Aftermath:
Historical tensions arose during the 19th century due to the Opium Wars and growing nationalist sentiments against colonial dominance.
With the victory of Mao and the Communist Party in 1949, libraries were initially viewed positively as avenues for promoting literacy among the peasantry.
Cultural Revolution and Its Impact:
Libraries faced destruction in the 1960s due to political crackdowns, amidst the Cultural Revolution and significant societal upheaval.
A focus on rural re-education led to the closing of academic institutions, libraries, and a devaluation of intellectualism.
Post-Mao Reforms and Modern Needs:
After Mao's death, 1980s reforms led to a renewed appreciation for libraries, as demands for literacy increased.
There remains a disparity in library availability relative to population; example:
Other countries comparison (public libraries):
Japan: almost 3,000
France: almost 3,000
UK: over 4,000
U.S.: over 9,000
Germany: 10,000
Russia: 48,000
China: only 3,000 public libraries for its vast population.
Bin Hai Library:
Built in 2017, designed to hold over a million books but contains only around 200,000 volumes, with deceptive shelf displays highlighting a trend toward appearance over functionality.
Censorship in Libraries:
Ongoing censorship managed by the Communist Party, justified as a means to maintain societal purity and integrity.
Role of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism:
Ministry oversees library development and advocates for increased support and funding, revealing disparities between national goals and local priorities.
Library Classification Systems
Chinese Library Classification:
Distinct from the Dewey Decimal System; it reflects Communist theory in its primary category and material accessibility, showcasing government influence on information availability.
Closing Remarks and Focus Areas
Focused readings on comparing library types in the U.S. and understanding different phases of Chinese library history are recommended.
Expect assignments covering these areas, specifically the development and structure of libraries in both contexts.
Optional Readings:
Articles related to libraries and cats. Summary links are provided, but not all are mandatory.