1. The Lodging Operations

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

Discuss the organizational structure of lodging operations.
Enumerate the roles and responsibilities of each member of the organizational structure.
Understand the importance of each member of the organization to the success of lodging operations.
Differentiate the categories of hotels based on size, location, target market, and star-rating.
Differentiate the types of rooms in a lodging establishment.

George Bernard Shaw: "The great advantage of a hotel is that it is a refuge from home life."

Organizing is the process of structuring human and physical resources to accomplish organizational objectives.
It involves:
- Dividing tasks into jobs.
- Specifying the appropriate department for each job.
- Determining the optimum number of jobs in each department.
- Delegating authority within and among departments.

Front of the House:
- Departments with direct guest contact.
- Examples: Front Office, Room Section of the Housekeeping Department.
Back of the House:
- Departments with limited guest contact.
- Example: Engineering and Maintenance.

Functional Group:
- Handles issues directly related to guests.
- Examples: Housekeeping and Food and Beverage.
Administrative Group:
- Handles behind-the-scenes operations to keep the property running smoothly.
- Responsible for organizing systems and processes to minimize chaos.
- Examples: Security and Accounting.

Rooms Division / Rooms Department
- Sometimes called Front Office in a limited-service hotel.
- In a full-service hotel, includes Front Office, Housekeeping, Security, Engineering.
- Sub-departments:
  - Front Office:
  - Responsible for reservation, guest check-in/check-out, mail and information services, concierge service.
  - Housekeeping:
  - Maintains cleanliness, tidiness, hygiene, and decor of hotel premises.
  - Security:
  - Ensures safety and security of guests, employees, and property.
  - Engineering and Maintenance:
  - Responsible for repair and maintenance of hotel facilities.
Food and Beverage:
- Responsible for menu preparation, food service, and inventory management.
Sales and Marketing:
- Responsible for marketing the hotel and its products.
Accounting:
- Manages financial activities, billing, payment processing, and employee compensation.
Information Technology (IT):
- Maintains hotel equipment and technology, including telephone systems and hotel management software.
Human Resource Department:
- Responsible for recruiting, training, promoting staff, benefits administration, employee relations, and regulatory compliance.

General Manager (GM):
- Overall in charge of the entire hotel.
Resident Manager (RM):
- Acts as GM in absence; represents GM on interdepartmental committees.
Food and Beverage Director:
- Oversees all food and beverage operations, reporting to the GM.
Executive Housekeeper:
- Manages Housekeeping department to ensure quality service and guest satisfaction.
Director of Security:
- Ensures safety and security of guests and property.
Director of Sales and Marketing:
- Plans and executes sales and marketing strategies.
Director of Human Resources:
- Oversees HR systems, staff hiring and training, regulatory compliance, and employee relations.
Chief Accountant:
- Leads the financial department, managing profitability.
Chief Engineer:
- Oversees repairs, renovations, and maintenance budget.
IT Director:
- Manages IT systems and their operational support.

Airport Hotels: Cater to airline passengers.
Business Hotels: Target business travelers.
Bed and Breakfast (B&B): Small hotels offering breakfast.
Casino Hotels: Provide accommodations for gambling guests.
Resorts: Offer luxury facilities for high-income professionals.
Service Apartments: Residential accommodations typically for long-term stays (1 month or more).

One-Star: Basic amenities, personal atmosphere.
Two-Star: Small building, affordable location.
Three-Star: Spacious accommodations, decorated lobbies.
Four-Star: Large hotels with formal appearance and very good services.
Five-Star: Luxurious properties with the highest level of service and accommodation.

Single Room:
- One single bed for a single occupant.
Double Room:
- Suitable for two people.
- Types of Double Rooms:
  - King Double Room: King-size bed.
  - Queen Double Room: Queen-size bed.
Deluxe Room:
- Well-furnished with additional amenities.
Double-Double (Twin Double) Room:
- Room with two doubles or queens.
Twin Room:
- Two single beds with separate headboards.
Hollywood Twin Room:
- Two single beds with a common headboard.
Cabana:
- Room facing a beach or pool with a large balcony.
Studio:
- Room with a convertible bed, small kitchen, and dining area.
Lanai:
- Room with views of a landscape or garden.
Suite:
- Contains one or more bedrooms, living room, and dining area, generally sold at a higher price.